Kodi mwaona momwe kusindikiza kwa 3D kukukulirakulira? Kuyambira kupanga zoseweretsa zazing'ono zapulasitiki ndi zitsanzo zaka zingapo zapitazo, tsopano imatha kusindikiza nyumba, mano, komanso ziwalo za anthu! Kukula kwake kuli ngati roketi.
Koma ngakhale kuti kutchuka kwake, ngati kusindikiza kwa 3D kukufunadi kukhala patsogolo pakupanga mafakitale, sikungodalira "ma persimmons ofewa" monga mapulasitiki ndi ma resin. Ndikwabwino popanga zidutswa zowonetsera, koma pankhani yopanga zida zotentha kwambiri zomwe zimatha kupirira malo ovuta kwambiri, kapena zida zolimba komanso zosatha, zinthu zambiri nthawi yomweyo zimakhala zosayenera.
Apa ndi pomwe munthu amene timakonda kwambiri nkhaniyi lero amabwera—ufa wa alumina, yomwe imadziwika kuti “corundum.” Chida ichi sichimakakamiza anthu kuti azigwiritsa ntchito, chili ndi makhalidwe olimba mwachibadwa: kuuma kwambiri, kukana dzimbiri, kukana kutentha kwambiri, komanso kutchinjiriza bwino kwambiri. M'mafakitale akale, ndi katswiri pa zinthu zotsutsana ndi kutentha, zonyamulira, zoumbaumba, ndi zina zotero.
Funso ndi lakuti, kodi ndi zinthu zotani zomwe zidzatuluke pamene zinthu zachikhalidwe, "zolimba" zikumana ndi ukadaulo wamakono wa "kupanga zinthu mwanzeru pa digito"? Yankho ndi lakuti: kusintha kwa zinthu mwakachetechete kukuchitika.
Ⅰ. Chifukwa chiyani alumina? Chifukwa chiyani ikuphwanya mawonekedwe?
Choyamba tiyeni tikambirane chifukwa chake kusindikiza kwa 3D sikunakonde zinthu zadothi kale. Taganizirani izi: ufa wa pulasitiki kapena wachitsulo ndi wosavuta kuulamulira ukaphwanyidwa kapena kutulutsidwa pogwiritsa ntchito ma laser. Koma ufa wadothi ndi wofooka ndipo ndi wovuta kusungunuka. Ma laser omwe amaphwanyidwa kenako n’kupangidwa amakhala ndi njira yopapatiza kwambiri, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti azisweka mosavuta komanso kusinthika, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti pakhale zokolola zochepa kwambiri.
Ndiye kodi alumina imathetsa bwanji vutoli? Silidalira mphamvu zankhanza, koma m'malo mwake limadalira “luntha.”
Kupita patsogolo kwakukulu kuli mu kusintha kogwirizana kwa ukadaulo wosindikiza wa 3D ndi mapangidwe azinthu. Ukadaulo wamakono, monga binder jetting ndi stereolithography, umagwiritsa ntchito "njira yokhotakhota."
Kutulutsa zinthu zomangira: Iyi ndi njira yanzeru kwambiri. Mosiyana ndi njira zachikhalidwe zosungunula ufa wa aluminiyamu oxide mwachindunji ndi laser, njira iyi poyamba imagwiritsa ntchito ufa woonda wa aluminiyamu oxide. Kenako, monga chosindikizira cha inkjet cholondola, mutu wosindikizira umathira "guluu" wapadera pamalo omwe mukufuna, ndikulumikiza ufawo pamodzi. Kugwiritsa ntchito ufa ndi guluu pagawo ndi gawo kumeneku kumabweretsa "thupi lobiriwira" loyambirira, looneka ngati thupi. Thupi lobiriwirali silili lolimba, kotero, monga zoumba, limadutsa "ubatizo wa moto" womaliza mu ng'anjo yotentha kwambiri - kutenthedwa. Tinthu tating'onoting'ono timeneti timalumikizana bwino kwambiri, kufika pamtundu wa makina ofanana ndi a zoumba zachikhalidwe.
Izi zimapewa mwanzeru mavuto osungunula zinthu zadothi mwachindunji. Zili ngati kupanga gawolo ndi kusindikiza kwa 3D, kenako kulidzaza ndi moyo ndi mphamvu pogwiritsa ntchito njira zachikhalidwe.
II. Kodi “kupambana” kumeneku kumawonekera kuti kwenikweni? Kulankhula popanda kuchitapo kanthu ndi nkhani yopanda pake.
Ngati mukunena kuti ndi chitukuko, payenera kukhala luso lenileni, sichoncho? Zoonadi, kupita patsogolo kwa ufa wa aluminiyamu oxide mu kusindikiza kwa 3D sikungoyambira "kuyambira pachiyambi," koma kwenikweni "kuchokera pazabwino mpaka zabwino kwambiri," kuthetsa mavuto ambiri omwe kale sankathe kuthetsedwa.
Choyamba, chimachotsa lingaliro la "zovuta" monga lofanana ndi "zokwera mtengo." Mwachikhalidwe, kukonza ma alumina ceramics, monga ma nozzles kapena ma heat exchanger okhala ndi njira zovuta zoyendera mkati, kumadalira kupanga nkhungu kapena makina, zomwe zimakhala zodula, zotenga nthawi, ndipo zimapangitsa kuti nyumba zina zisatheke kupanga. Koma tsopano, kusindikiza kwa 3D kumalola kupanga mwachindunji, "kopanda nkhungu" kapangidwe kalikonse kovuta komwe mungapange. Tangoganizirani gawo la alumina ceramic lomwe lili ndi kapangidwe ka mkati ka biomimetic uchi, lopepuka kwambiri koma lolimba kwambiri. Mumakampani opanga ndege, ichi ndi "chida chamatsenga" chenicheni chochepetsera kulemera ndikuwongolera magwiridwe antchito.
Chachiwiri, chimakwaniritsa "kuphatikiza bwino ntchito ndi mawonekedwe." Zigawo zina zimafuna ma geometri ovuta komanso ntchito zapadera monga kukana kutentha kwambiri, kukana kuvala, komanso kutchinjiriza. Mwachitsanzo, zida za ceramic zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito mumakampani opanga ma semiconductor ziyenera kukhala zopepuka, zokhoza kuyenda mwachangu, komanso zotsutsana ndi static komanso zosatha kuvala. Zomwe kale zimafuna kuti zigawo zingapo zisonkhanitsidwe tsopano zitha kusindikizidwa mwachindunji kuchokera ku alumina ngati gawo limodzi, lophatikizidwa, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti kudalirika ndi magwiridwe antchito ziwonjezeke kwambiri.
Chachitatu, izi zimabweretsa nthawi yabwino kwambiri yosinthira momwe munthu amafunira. Izi ndizodabwitsa kwambiri pankhani ya zamankhwala. Mafupa a anthu amasiyana kwambiri, ndipo ma implants am'mbuyomu opangira mafupa anali ndi kukula kokhazikika, zomwe zimapangitsa madokotala kuti azigwiritsa ntchito panthawi ya opaleshoni. Tsopano, pogwiritsa ntchito deta ya CT scan kuchokera kwa wodwala, n'zotheka kusindikiza mwachindunji 3D implant ya alumina ceramic yomwe imagwirizana bwino ndi mawonekedwe a wodwalayo. Kapangidwe kameneka sikuti ndi kopepuka kokha komanso kumalola maselo a mafupa kukula, kukwaniritsa "osseointegration" yeniyeni ndikupanga implant kukhala gawo la thupi. Mtundu uwu wa njira yachipatala yosinthidwa kale sunali woganiziridwa kale.
Tsogolo lafika, koma mavuto alipo ambiri.
Zachidziwikire, sitingangolankhula nkhani yokha. Kugwiritsa ntchito ufa wa alumina mu kusindikiza kwa 3D kukupitirirabe ngati "wodabwitsa," wokhala ndi kuthekera kwakukulu komanso mavuto ena a achinyamata.
Mtengo wake ukadali wokwera: Ufa wa alumina wozungulira woyera kwambiri woyenera kusindikizidwa mu 3D ndi wokwera mtengo kwambiri. Kuwonjezera pamenepo, zida zosindikizira zapadera za madola mamiliyoni ambiri komanso mphamvu zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito pochotsa zinthu zotsalira, komanso mtengo wosindikiza gawo la alumina ukadali wokwera.
Zopinga zazikulu pa ntchito: Kuyambira kukonzekera matope ndi kukhazikitsa magawo osindikizira mpaka kuwongolera kuchotsera zinthu pambuyo pa ntchito ndi kulamulira ma curve opangidwa, sitepe iliyonse imafuna ukatswiri waukulu komanso kusonkhanitsa ukadaulo. Mavuto monga kusweka, kusintha, ndi kucheperana kosagwirizana amatha kuchitika mosavuta.
Kusasinthasintha kwa magwiridwe antchito: Kuonetsetsa kuti zizindikiro zazikulu zogwirira ntchito monga mphamvu ndi kuchulukana kwa zinthu zomwe zasindikizidwa ndi vuto lalikulu pakugwiritsa ntchito kwakukulu.