Aliyense amene wagwirapo ntchito mu malo ochitira masewera olimbitsa mchenga amadziwa kuti kusankha chida choyenera chopangira grit kuli ngati dokotala wachikhalidwe waku China amene amalemba mankhwala azitsamba - kumafuna kuganizira mosamala ndikugwirizanitsa chidacho ndi ntchito yake yeniyeni. Alumina yoyera yopangidwa ndi grit, yokhala ndi kuuma kwake kwakukulu komanso kulimba kwake, ndi "wodziwika bwino" m'dziko lopangira grit. Komabe, simungadziwe kuti ngakhale mkati mwa grit yoyera yopangidwa ndi grit, kukula kosiyanasiyana kumabweretsa zotsatira zosiyana kwambiri. Lero, tiyeni tikambirane za mutu uwu wooneka ngati wosavuta koma wovuta kwambiri wokhudza kugawa grit.
I. “Yaikulu, Yapakatikati, ndi Yabwino”: Dongosolo Loyambira la Magawo Atatu
Akatswiri odziwa bwino ntchito yophulitsa mchenga nthawi zambiri amagawanitsaalumina woyera wosakanikiranaKuduladula m'magulu atatu akuluakulu: kolimba, pakati, ndi kosalala. Kugawa kumeneku kumamveka kosavuta, koma kumaphatikizapo zaka zambiri za chidziwitso chosonkhanitsidwa. Kuduladula kwakukulu nthawi zambiri kumatanthauza kuchuluka kwa maukonde 20 mpaka maukonde 60. Kodi zimenezi zikutanthauza chiyani? Zimatanthauza kuti m'mimba mwake wa tinthu tating'onoting'ono ndi pafupifupi pakati pa mamilimita 0.85 ndi mamilimita 0.25. Ngati mugwira dzanja, mutha kumva bwino kapangidwe kake ka granular. Mtundu uwu wa kudulira uli ndi mphamvu yogwira ntchito ndipo ndi woyenera ntchito "yolemera". Mwachitsanzo, kutsuka ma castings akuluakulu: pamwamba pa castings mutathira madziwo pamakhala ndi mchenga woumba ndi sikelo ya oxide, yomwe ndi yolimba kwambiri ndipo imafuna kukhudza kwakukulu kwa castings. Old Zhang mu fakitale yathu nthawi zambiri amati, "Kuti muthane ndi malo 'ouma' amenewo, muyenera kugwiritsa ntchito castings yolimba, monga momwe mungagwiritsire ntchito chitsulo cha ubweya kutsuka mphika."
Ulusi wapakati uli pakati pa maukonde 80 ndi maukonde 180 (0.18 mamilimita mpaka 0.08 mamilimita), ndipo ndi "wozungulira" womwe umagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri. Kuutcha "wapakati" sikuti kumangotanthauza kukula kwake kwapakati komanso kugwiritsidwa ntchito pang'ono. Siwolimba ngati ulusi wouma kapena "wofewa" ngati ulusi wosalala. Pokonza chitsulo pamwamba, kuyeretsa, ndi kuchotsa dzimbiri pazinthu zina wamba, ulusi wapakati ndi chisankho choyenera. Umapereka zotsatira zabwino zochizira pamwamba, kuonetsetsa kuti ukhondo supanga kuuma kwambiri. Ulusi wosalala umayamba pa maukonde 220 ndipo umakhala wosalala kwambiri. Mtundu uwu wa ulusi wosalala ndi wabwino kwambiri, umamveka ngati ufa. Musauchepetse chifukwa cha kuuma kwake; ntchito yofewa imadalira. Poyeretsa pamwamba pa zinthu zoyeretsedwa bwino, kupukuta nkhungu, ndi kukonza malo ena okongoletsera apamwamba, mchenga wabwino ndi wofunikira kwambiri. Bambo Li, kapitawo mu workshop yathu yemwe ali ndi udindo wokonza zida zolondola, ali ndi mwambi womwe amakonda kwambiri wakuti: “Mchenga wolimba umachiritsa matenda, mchenga wabwino umakongoletsa.” Izi zikusonyeza bwino mfundo imeneyi.
II. Miyezo Yowerengera: Kuposa "Kungosefa"
Ponena za kugawa magawo enieni, anthu wamba angaganize kuti ndi nkhani yongogwiritsa ntchito ma sieve okhala ndi makulidwe osiyanasiyana a maukonde. Ndi zoona, koma osati kwathunthu. Miyezo ya dziko (GB/T) ndi miyezo yamakampani ili ndi malamulo omveka bwino, monga dongosolo logawa magawo kuyambira F4 (coarsest) mpaka F1200 (yabwino kwambiri). Giredi iliyonse imagwirizana ndi kuchuluka kwa tinthu tomwe timagawa. Komabe, m'machitidwe, akatswiri odziwa bwino ntchito amagogomezeranso "kufanana." Kodi izi zikutanthauza chiyani? Zimatanthauza kuti tinthu tomwe tili mu thumba lomwelo la mchenga tiyenera kukhala ndi kukula kofanana. Ngati pali tinthu tolimba komanso tochepa, zotsatira zake pamwamba pa nthaka pambuyo pophulika sizidzakhala zofanana. Mchenga wabwino uyenera kukhala ndi kakulidwe kolimba ka tinthu tomwe timagawa, osati kosalala.
III. Zochitika Zoyenera: Kukula Kosiyanasiyana kwa Tinthu pa Ntchito Zosiyana
Mchenga wouma (maunyolo 20-60) umagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri m'mafakitale olemera. Kupatula kuyeretsa kopangidwa ndi chitsulo komwe kwatchulidwa kale, ndikofunikira kwambiri pokonza pamwamba pa zitsulo zazikulu musanazipente. Mwachitsanzo, milatho, zombo, ndi matanki osungiramo zinthu - nyumba zazikuluzikuluzi zimakumana ndi zinthu chaka chonse, ndipo zigawo zawo za oxide pamwamba zimakhala zokhuthala komanso zolimba. Mchenga wouma ukhoza kuchotsa mwachangu zokutira zakale ndi dzimbiri, zomwe zimawonetsa pansi pa chitsulo. Komabe, ndikofunikira kudziwa kuti mchenga wouma uli ndi mphamvu yamphamvu yokhudza, kotero sayenera kugwiritsidwa ntchito pa chitsulo choonda, apo ayi imatha kusokonekera mosavuta. Tinaphunzira izi mwanjira yovuta: nthawi ina, tinagwiritsa ntchito mchenga wa maunyolo 40 pokonza mbale yachitsulo yokhuthala ya 3mm, ndipo mbaleyo inayamba kuwoneka ngati mafunde, zomwe zinatikakamiza kuti tiichotse ndikuyambiranso.
Mchenga wapakati (80-180 mesh) uli ndi ntchito zambiri. Mu makampani opanga magalimoto, umagwiritsidwa ntchito pokonza mapanelo a magalimoto asanapake utoto; mumakampani opanga zotengera zopanikizika, poyeretsa zosungunula musanazindikire zolakwika; ndipo popanga makina ambiri, pokonza zinthu pamwamba. Khalidwe lake ndi losiyanasiyana - limapereka zotsatira zabwino zoyeretsa ndipo limapanga mawonekedwe abwino (mabampu ndi madontho pamwamba), zomwe zimathandiza pomatira. Woyang'anira kupanga ku fakitale yathu amagwiritsa ntchito fanizo lomveka bwino: "Mchenga wapakati uli ngati kuphika kunyumba - osati wokonzedwa bwino kwambiri, koma wokhutiritsa kwambiri komanso wogwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri."
Mchenga wopyapyala (220 mesh ndi kupitirira apo) ndi wopangidwa mwaluso kwambiri. Zigawo zolondola mumakampani opanga ndege, zida zamankhwala, ndi kuphulika kwa mchenga wazinthu zamagetsi zapamwamba kwambiri zimafuna mchenga wopyapyala. Ungathe kulamulira kuuma kwa pamwamba (Ra value) mpaka pamlingo wotsika kwambiri pamene ukugwira ntchito yofanana. Chaka chatha, tinapukuta zida zambiri za opaleshoni za kampani ya zida zamankhwala pogwiritsa ntchito mchenga wa 320-mesh. Zofunikira zinali zapamwamba kwambiri kotero kuti zinthu zomalizidwa ziyenera kuyang'aniridwa pansi pa mikhalidwe inayake yowunikira, popanda kukanda kowoneka kapena kusalingana komwe kumaloledwa. Liu, munthu woyang'anira ntchitoyi, anali ndi nkhawa kwambiri kotero kuti anali kutaya tsitsi lake. "Izi si kuphulika kwa mchenga, izi ndi nsalu," adatero akumwetulira monyodola.
IV. Luso la Kusankha Mchenga: Kuphatikiza kwa Chidziwitso ndi Sayansi
Kodi mumasankha bwanji kukula koyenera kwa grit pochita? Izi zimaphatikizapo kuwerengera kwasayansi komanso kuganiza bwino. Choyamba, muyenera kuganizira za zinthu zomwe zagwiritsidwa ntchito. Zipangizo zolimba zimatha kugwiritsa ntchito mchenga wokhwima, pomwe zinthu zofewa (mongaaluminiyamundi mkuwa) zimafuna mchenga wabwino. Chachiwiri, ganizirani makulidwe a ntchito; zidutswa zoonda siziyenera kugwiritsa ntchito mchenga wouma. Chachitatu, ganizirani zofunikira zomaliza pamwamba. Pa zokutira, ganizirani makulidwe a zokutira; pa zokongoletsera, ganizirani kukongola. Dipatimenti yaukadaulo ya fakitale yathu yafotokoza mwachidule mfundo yosavuta yokumbukira: "Yolimba komanso yokhuthala, gwiritsani ntchito youma; yofewa komanso yopyapyala, gwiritsani ntchito yosalala; pokongoletsa, pitirizani kukhala yosalala; pomangirira, sankhani yapakatikati." Koma kukumbukira uku ndi poyambira chabe; mapulojekiti enaake amafunika kusanthula kwapadera. Mwachitsanzo, pa chitsulo chosapanga dzimbiri, ngati ndi chothandizira mkati mwa khoma la zida zamankhwala, mchenga wapakatikati ungagwiritsidwe ntchito poyeretsa mwachangu; koma pamakina ophikira chakudya, mchenga wabwino ndi wofunikira kuti zitsimikizire kuti kuyeretsa ndi kupha tizilombo toyambitsa matenda ndikosavuta.
Mafakitale ambiri tsopano akulimbikitsa "mchenga umodzi, muyezo umodzi," zomwe zikutanthauza kukhazikitsakuphulika kwa mchenga kwabwino kwambiriMbiri ya parameter ya chinthu chilichonse, ndipo kusankha kukula kwa grit kukhala chinthu chofunikira kwambiri. Kukhazikitsa mbiri iyi kumatenga nthawi, kumafuna kuyesedwa mobwerezabwereza, koma ikakhazikitsidwa, imakhala chuma chamtengo wapatali. Mbiri yomwe tidapanga ya block inayake ya injini yagalimoto ikuwonetsa kuti kugwiritsa ntchito ma mesh 100mchenga woyera wa corundum, pa mphamvu ya 0.5 MPa ndi mtunda wa 200 mm, kuuma kwa pamwamba kumakwaniritsa bwino zofunikira zoyenera zophimba. Deta iyi idapezeka pambuyo pa mayeso opitilira makumi atatu. V. Malingaliro Olakwika Ofala ndi Zosamala
Oyamba kumene nthawi zambiri amalakwitsa kangapo. Choyamba ndi lingaliro lolakwika lakuti "wolimba kwambiri ndiye wabwino," kukhulupirira kuti grit wolimba kwambiri umatsuka mwachangu. Komabe, grit wolimba kwambiri ungayambitse kuwonongeka kwakukulu pamwamba, zomwe zimafuna kukonzanso pambuyo pake ndikuwononga nthawi. Chachiwiri ndikusakaniza magulu osiyanasiyana a grit, zomwe sizili bwino kwenikweni. Ngakhale grit ili ndi nambala yofanana ya giredi, kugawa kwenikweni kwa tinthu tating'onoting'ono kumatha kusiyana pakati pa magulu, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti zotsatira zake zisafanane. Chachitatu ndi kunyalanyaza kuchuluka kwa nthawi zomwe grit yabwezeretsedwanso. grit yoyera ya corundum ikhoza kubwezeretsedwanso kangapo, koma ikagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri, tinthu tating'onoting'ono timayamba kukhala tozungulira komanso tosalala, zomwe zimachepetsa kuyeretsa bwino. Akatswiri odziwa bwino ntchito amatha kuweruza ngati grit ikufunika kusinthidwa ndi phokoso ndi mtundu wa grit.
Woyang'anira ntchito yathu, Old Chang, nthawi zambiri amati, “Grit ili ngati asilikali; muyenera kumvetsetsa makhalidwe a msilikali aliyense kuti mupambane nkhondoyi.” Mawu awa ndi osavuta, koma ozama. Kugawa kukula kwa tinthu tating'onoting'ono kungawoneke ngati chinthu chosavuta, koma chimagwirizana ndi chidziwitso chochokera m'magawo osiyanasiyana, kuphatikizapo sayansi ya zipangizo, uinjiniya wa pamwamba, ndi makina amadzimadzi. Kuchuluka kwa white corundum grit, kuyambira kosalala mpaka kosalala, kuli ngati chida chokwanira. Katswiri weniweni sagwiritsa ntchito chida chimodzi kapena ziwiri zokha, koma amatha kusankha molondola “chida” choyenera kwambiri kutengera “mikhalidwe” yosiyanasiyana. Munthawi ino pomwe khalidwe la pamwamba likufunika kwambiri, kumvetsetsa kwakukulu ndi kugwiritsa ntchito mwaluso magulu a tinthu tating'onoting'ono kwakhala luso lofunika kwambiri. Sizowoneka bwino, koma zimakhudza kwambiri khalidwe la chinthu ndi moyo wake. Mwina iyi ndi imodzi mwa “makiyi osawoneka” omwe amapanga mafakitale.