Kugwira Ntchito Kwabwino Kwambiri kwa Ufa wa Alumina mu Zipangizo Zowunikira
Ponena za alumina, anthu ambiri angayambe kuganiza za zinthu zoyera, zolimba zamafakitale, zomwe sizikugwirizana ndi luso lapamwamba la kuwala. Kaya mukhulupirire kapena ayi, zimenezo ndi kunyalanyaza. Mukamvetsa bwino ndikudziwa bwino, makamaka kupeza chiyero chapamwamba komanso kulamulira kolondola mu mawonekedwe a ufa, ntchito yake m'dziko la kuwala ndi yodabwitsa kwambiri, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti likhale "lamphamvu kwambiri."
I. Kuchokera ku “Munthu Wovuta” Kupita ku “Wowonekera”: Kusintha Kwakukulu
Tonse tikudziwa zimenezoaluminiyamuIli ndi dzina lodziwika bwino—corundum, yokhala ndi kuuma kwa Mohs kwa 9, yachiwiri pambuyo pa diamondi, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti ikhale “munthu wolimba mtima.” Ndi gawo lalikulu la miyala yamtengo wapatali monga safiro ndi rubi. Komabe, mu zipangizo zowala, cholinga chachikulu si kuuma, koma “kuwonekera bwino”—kutumiza kuwala bwino, kuyera, ndi kukhazikika.
Apa ndi pomwe ukadaulo umayambira. Kudzera mu njira zamakono zokonzekera, monga kuyaka kolamulidwa kwa aluminiyamu yoyera kwambiri komanso njira zapadera za hydrolysis, titha kupeza ultrafine ndi ultra-yunifolomu.ufa wa aluminandi chiyero cha 99.99% kapena 99.999%. Musanyoze kusintha kumeneku kwa chiyero; kuli ngati kusandutsa madzi akuda a mumtsinje kukhala madzi oyera a m'mapiri, kuchepetsa zinyalala kufika pamlingo wochepa kwambiri. Pogwiritsa ntchito ufa woyera kwambiriwu ngati chinthu choyambira, titatha kuupanga ndi kuunika, tikhoza kukonza zoumba za alumina zokhala ndi kuwala kwabwino kwambiri.
Chomera ichi sichilinso "munthu wovuta" wosawoneka bwino, koma "mwamuna" wowala kapena wowonekera bwino. Kuwala kukawala, kumalola kuwala kowoneka bwino komanso kwa infrared kudutsa, pomwe kumasunga mphamvu yayikulu, kuuma kwambiri, kukana dzimbiri, komanso kukana kutentha kwambiri kwa alumina. Khalidwe la "zolinga ziwiri" ili lalola kuti likhazikike mwachangu m'gulu la zipangizo zowunikira.
II. Kugwiritsa Ntchito Mwaluso Kumavumbula Mphamvu Yeniyeni: Mizati ya Madera Ofunika Kwambiri
Kulankhula ndi kotsika mtengo. Kuchita bwino kwambiri kwaufa wa aluminaMu zinthu zowunikira ndi zotsatira za mayeso enieni. Tiyeni tiwone zitsanzo zingapo kuchokera m'miyoyo yathu ya tsiku ndi tsiku komanso m'mafakitale kuti tifotokoze izi.
1. Nyali za Sodium: "Zida Zowonekera" Zowunikira Usiku
Magetsi ambiri owala m'misewu m'mizinda usiku ndi nyali za sodium zomwe zimakhala ndi mphamvu yamagetsi. Kodi mwaona kuti machubu owala si magalasi wamba, koma chubu chowala cha ceramic? Alumina ceramic ndiye protagonist weniweni pano.
Chifukwa chiyani? Choyamba, nthunzi ya sodium imawononga kwambiri kutentha kwambiri ndi kupanikizika; galasi wamba silingathe kupirira ndipo "lidzafa" pasanathe masiku ambiri.Chomera cha aluminaKumbali ina, sichimalimbana ndi dzimbiri, chimakhalabe cholimba ngakhale chikukumana ndi "vuto" la nthunzi ya sodium. Chachiwiri, chiyenera kugwira ntchito mokhazikika kwa nthawi yayitali kutentha kufika madigiri Celsius masauzande ambiri, komwe kukana kutentha kwambiri kwa alumina kumakhala kothandiza. Chofunika kwambiri, chiyenera kulola kuwala kooneka kudutsa bwino nthawi yomweyo osachitapo kanthu ndi nthunzi ya sodium. Monga mukuonera, mphamvu yayikulu, kukana dzimbiri kwambiri, kukana kutentha kwambiri, komanso kupepuka - zofunikira izi pamodzi zimapangitsa alumina ceramics kukhala njira yokhayo yothandiza. Chimene chimapangitsa zonsezi kukhala maziko a ufa wa alumina wosankhidwa mosamala komanso wokonzedwa mosamala.
2. Mawindo a Infrared ndi Fairings: "Maso Owala" a Mililo ndi Zowunikira
M'malo ogwirira ntchito zankhondo ndi ndege, anthu ofuna zida zoponyera mabomba ndi makina ozindikira ma infrared a magalimoto okwera kwambiri komanso othamanga kwambiri amafunikira chishango choteteza, kapena "zenera" kapena "fairing." Zofunikira pa izi ndizokwera kwambiri: siziyenera kungokhala zolimba mokwanira kuti ziphimbe kuwonongeka kwa mpweya wothamanga kwambiri komanso kukhudzidwa ndi madontho amvula ndi fumbi, komanso ziyenera kutumiza kuwala kwa infrared mu mafunde enaake, zomwe zimathandiza kuti zozindikira zamkati "zione" dziko lakunja.
Apa ndi pomwe zida za alumina zowonekera bwino kapena zowala zimaonekeranso. Kulimba kwake ndikokwanira kuletsa kuwonongeka kwa malo ovuta, ndipo magwiridwe ake otumizira ma infrared ndi abwino kwambiri, makamaka m'mizere yapakati komanso yakutali ya infrared. Tangoganizirani chida cha mfuti chomwe chikuuluka mumlengalenga waukulu usiku. "Maso" ake ndi fairing yopangidwa ndi alumina ceramic, kuteteza makina owunikira amkati molondola ndikuwongolera chidacho molondola ku cholinga chake. Udindo waukuluwu ndi woposa mphamvu ya zida wamba.
3. Zipangizo ndi Zida Zapamwamba: "Gawo Lolimba" la Integrated Circuit Optical World
Ndi kupita patsogolo kwa ukadaulo, zipangizo monga ma LED, ma laser, ndi masensa owonera nthawi zambiri zimafuna "gawo" lokhazikika, lathyathyathya, loteteza kutentha, komanso loyendetsa kutentha kuti ligwire ntchito. Ma substrates a alumina ceramic ndi "gawo" labwino kwambiri.
Mofananamo, ubwino wa "gawo" ili umadalira mwachindunji ubwino wa "njerwa" zake—ufa wa alumina. Ufa wambiri umapangitsa kuti pamwamba pake pakhale posalala, ngati galasi, zomwe zimachepetsa kuwala ndi kusokoneza kwa kuwala; tinthu tating'onoting'ono ta ufa wofanana ndi wabwinobwino timatsimikizira kuti pali kapangidwe kolimba kamene kamakhala ndi sintered, kopanda ma pores ndi zolakwika zina, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti pakhale kutetezedwa kwamagetsi kwabwino komanso kutentha. Ma circuitry ovuta kwambiri pama foni athu a m'manja angakhalepo chifukwa cha alumina ceramic substrates, ngakhale kuti sizikuoneka. III. Chifukwa Chiyani? Tiyeni Tikambirane za "Kupambana" Kwake Kwamkati
Popeza takambirana zambiri zokhudza momwe alumina imagwiritsidwira ntchito, tiyeni tionenso chifukwa chake ufa wa alumina ndi wabwino kwambiri. Pomaliza pake, ndi chifukwa cha zinthu zake zabwino kwambiri, zomwe zimakwaniritsa zofunikira zazikulu za zipangizo zowunikira:
Kuwongolera Magwiridwe Abwino a Kuwala: Mwa kuwongolera kuyera kwa ufa, kukula kwa tinthu tating'onoting'ono, ndi njira yoyeretsera, kufalikira ndi kuwunikira kwa chomaliza cha ceramic mu ultraviolet, visible, ndi infrared bands zitha kulamulidwa bwino.
Mphamvu Yapadera ya Makina: Kulimba kwambiri, mphamvu zambiri, ndi kulimba kwambiri zimapangitsa kuti ikhale yolimba komanso yogwira ntchito nthawi yayitali.
Kapangidwe ka Mankhwala Olimba: Ndi yokhazikika kwambiri, sigwirizana mosavuta ndi ma acid, alkali, mchere, ndi zinthu zambiri zamakemikolo, ndipo imatha kupirira malo osiyanasiyana ovuta.
Kukhazikika Kwabwino Kwambiri kwa Kutentha: Ndi malo osungunuka opitilira 2050℃ komanso kuchuluka kochepa kwa kutentha, mawonekedwe ake ndi kukula kwake sizisintha kwambiri kutentha kwambiri, komanso zimakhala ndi kukana kwabwino kwa kutentha (mwachitsanzo, siziopa kusintha kwadzidzidzi kwa kutentha).
Ndi katswiri pa kutchinjiriza magetsi: Kulimba kwake kwambiri kumapangitsa kuti ikhale chotchingira chabwino kwambiri, chofunikira kwambiri mu makina ophatikizira a optoelectronic.
Monga mukuonera, zinthu zophatikizika izi zimapangitsa kuti ziwoneke ngati zopangidwa mwapadera kuti zigwiritsidwe ntchito m'njira zambiri zapadera. Kuphatikiza apo, poyerekeza ndi zinthu zina zowala monga makristalo a safiro, kukonza ziwiya zowonekera kuchokera ku ufa kumapereka ubwino waukulu komanso kusinthasintha pakulamulira mtengo komanso kupanga mawonekedwe ovuta komanso zinthu zazikulu. Chifukwa chake, musanyozenso ufa wa alumina!