Njira Yokonzekera ndi Kugwiritsira Ntchito Ufa Woyera Wosakaniza Alumina Micropowder
Anthu ambiri angapeze dzina lakuti “ufa woyera wa alumina wosakanikirana"Sizodziwika bwino tikangomva koyamba. Komabe, ngati titchula zopukutira magalasi a foni yam'manja, kupukuta mabearing olondola, kapena zipangizo zopakira ma chip, aliyense adzazindikira—kupanga zinthuzi kumadalira ufa woyera wosaoneka ngati wochepa. Mankhwalawa si ofewa ngati ufa; ali ndi kuuma kwakukulu komanso makhalidwe okhazikika, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti akhale ndi mbiri ya "mano a mafakitale" m'dziko la mafakitale. Kukwaniritsa kukonza kwa micropowder kumafuna luso lapamwamba.
I. Njira Yokonzekera: Maluso zana mu Njira Yosavuta
Kukonzekera ufa wa alumina woyera wosakanikirana si nkhani yongopera zidutswa zazikulu. Monga kukonzekera chakudya chokonzedwa bwino cha Huaiyang, gawo lililonse, kuyambira kusankha zosakaniza mpaka kuphika, liyenera kuchitidwa bwino. Gawo loyamba ndi "kusankha zinthu zoyenera." Zipangizo zazikulu zopangira alumina woyera wosakanikirana ndi ufa wa alumina wa mafakitale, ndipo kuyera kwa ufa uwu kumatsimikizira mwachindunji "kuyambira" kwa ufa wa micro. Kale, mafakitale ena ankagwiritsa ntchito zipangizo zopangira zoyera pang'ono kuti asunge ndalama, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti ufa wa micro-ukhale ndi zinyalala zambiri, zomwe zimayambitsa mikwingwirima mosavuta akamapukuta zinthu. Tsopano, aliyense ndi wanzeru ndipo amakonda kugwiritsa ntchito ndalama zambiri kugula alumina woyera kwambiri kuposa kuwononga mbiri yawo m'magawo otsatira. Nthawi zambiri, kuchuluka kwa alumina kuyenera kukhala pamwamba pa 99.5%, ndipo zinyalala monga chitsulo ndi silicon ziyenera kulamulidwa mosamala.
Gawo lachiwiri ndi "kusungunula ndi kupanga makristalo," nthawi ya "kubadwa" kwaalumina woyera wosakanikiranaUfa wa alumina umayikidwa mu ng'anjo yamagetsi, komwe kutentha kumakwera kufika pa 2000℃—chodabwitsa kwambiri. Mfundo yofunika kwambiri pakupanga chitsulo ndikuwongolera liwiro lozizira. Kuzizira mofulumira kwambiri kumapangitsa kuti tinthu ta kristalo tisafanane; kuzizira pang'onopang'ono kumakhudza magwiridwe antchito opangira. Amisiri odziwa bwino ntchito adadalira luso lawo kuti amvere phokoso la chitsulo chamagetsi ndikuwona mtundu wa lawi lomwe likutseguka kuti aweruze momwe chitsulocho chilili mkati mwa ng'anjo. Ngakhale kuti njira zowunikira kutentha zanzeru zilipo tsopano, chidziwitso ichi cha "kuphatikiza ng'anjo ya munthu" chikadali chofunikira kwambiri.
Mabuloko oyera a alumina opangidwa ndi chitsulo chosungunuka, omwe ali ndi kuuma kwachiwiri pambuyo pa diamondi, ayenera choyamba "kuphwanyidwa mwamphamvu" pogwiritsa ntchito chotsukira nsagwada. Pa siteji iyi, tinthu tating'onoting'ono timakhala ngati miyala yaying'ono, osati ngati tinthu tating'onoting'ono.
Gawo lachitatu, "kuphwanya ndi kuyika magiredi," ndilo maziko enieni a ukadaulo ndipo ndi lomwe limakhala ndi mavuto ambiri.
Kale, mafakitale ambiri ankagwiritsa ntchito mphero za mpira, kudalira mphamvu ya mipira yachitsulo pogaya tinthu. Ngakhale kuti njira iyi inali yosavuta, inali ndi mavuto angapo: choyamba, inkapangitsa kuti chitsulo chiipire mosavuta; chachiwiri, mawonekedwe a tinthu anali osakhazikika, makamaka ozungulira; ndipo chachitatu, kufalikira kwa tinthu kunali kwakukulu, ndipo tinthu tina tinali tochepa kwambiri ndipo tina tinali tolimba kwambiri. Njirayi yakhala ikuchepetsedwa kwambiri m'magwiritsidwe ntchito apamwamba kwambiri.
Pakadali pano, njira yodziwika bwino ndi kugaya ndege ya mpweya. Mfundo yake ndi yosangalatsa kwambiri: tinthu tating'onoting'ono timafulumizitsidwa ndi mpweya wothamanga kwambiri, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti tigundane ndikukandana, motero timaphwanya. Njira yonseyi imachitika mu dongosolo lotsekedwa, zomwe sizimayambitsa zinyalala. Chofunika kwambiri, posintha kuthamanga kwa mpweya ndi liwiro la classifier, kukula kwa tinthu tomaliza kumatha kulamulidwa molondola. Zikachitika bwino, tinthu tating'onoting'ono kapena tozungulira titha kupezeka, tomwe timayenda bwino, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti zikhale zoyenera kupukutidwa molondola. Komabe, ma air jet mills si mankhwala. Kuwonongeka kwa zida kungayambitse kuipitsidwa kwa chitsulo, ndipo kulondola kwa gudumu la classifier kumatsimikizira kukula kwa kukula kwa tinthu tating'onoting'ono. Ndinapita ku kampani yogwira ntchito bwino komwe mawilo awo amawunikidwa kuti awone ngati ali ozungulira sabata iliyonse pogwiritsa ntchito zida zolondola; kusintha kulikonse pang'ono kumakonzedwa nthawi yomweyo kapena kusinthidwa. Woyang'anira kupanga anati, "Zili ngati matayala agalimoto; ngati mphamvu yolimba yazimitsidwa, galimotoyo siiyenda bwino."
Gawo lomaliza ndi "kuchotsa zodetsa ndi kukonza pamwamba." Ufa wophwanyidwa uyenera kutsukidwa ndi asidi kapena kutsukidwa ndi kutentha kwambiri kuti uchotse chitsulo ndi zinyalala pamwamba. Pa ntchito zina zapadera, kusintha pamwamba kumafunikanso—monga, kupaka ndi silane coupling agent kuti ufawo uzitha kufalikira mofanana mu resin kapena utoto, kupewa kusonkhana. Mu ndondomeko yonseyi, mupeza kuti kuyambira pa miyala kupita ku ufa, sitepe iliyonse ndi kulimbana ndi kuuma, kuyera, ndi kukula kwa tinthu. Njira iliyonse yachidule mu ndondomekoyi idzawonetsedwa mu magwiridwe antchito a chinthucho.
II. Kuyembekezeka Kugwiritsa Ntchito: Gawo Lalikulu la Ufa Waufupi
Ngati njira yokonzekera ndi "kukulitsa luso lamkati," ndiye kuti ogwiritsa ntchito "akuyamba kugwiritsa ntchito dziko lapansi." Dziko la ufa woyera wosakanikirana wa alumina likukulirakulira.
Gawo loyamba lalikulu ndi kulondolakupukuta ndi kupera. Iyi ndi mphamvu yake yachikhalidwe, koma zofunikira zikuchulukirachulukira. Mwachitsanzo, kupukuta magalasi a foni yam'manja, ma substrates a safiro, ndi ma wafer a silicon tsopano kumafuna kukhwima pamwamba pa nanometer. Izi zimayika zofunikira kwambiri pa ufa woyera wosakanikirana wa alumina micropowder: kukula kwa tinthu kuyenera kukhala kofanana kwambiri (D50 kolamulidwa bwino), popanda tinthu tating'onoting'ono tomwe timayambitsa mavuto; tinthu tating'onoting'ono tiyenera kukhala ndi kuuma kwakukulu koma timene timakhala ndi "kunola" koyenera—tiyenera kukhala ndi mphamvu yowonetsa m'mbali zatsopano zakuthwa panthawi yogwiritsidwa ntchito kuti tisunge luso lopukuta mosalekeza; ndipo tiyenera kukhala ndi mgwirizano wabwino ndi slurry yopukuta.
Msika wachitatu womwe ungatheke ndi kulimbitsa zinthu zopangidwa ndi zinthu zosiyanasiyana. Kuwonjezera ufa woyera wosakanikirana wa alumina ku mapulasitiki opanga, rabala, kapena zinthu zopangidwa ndi zitsulo kungathandize kwambiri kukana kutopa, kuuma, komanso kutentha kwa zinthuzo. Mwachitsanzo, zigawo zina zosatha mu injini zamagalimoto ndi zikwama zamagetsi zapamwamba zikuyang'ana momwe zinthuzi zimagwirira ntchito. Chofunika apa ndi vuto la "kulumikizana kwa ma interface" - ufa wa micro ndi zinthu zopangidwa ndi matrix ziyenera "kugwirizana mwamphamvu," zomwe zimatibwezera ku kufunika kwa njira zochizira pamwamba. Njira yachinayi yamakono ndi zinthu zosindikizira za 3D. Mu ukadaulo wosindikiza wa 3D monga selective laser sintering (SLS), ufa woyera wosakanikirana wa alumina ungagwiritsidwe ntchito ngati gawo lolimbitsa, losakanizidwa ndi ufa wachitsulo kapena wa ceramic, kusindikiza zigawo zosatha ndi mawonekedwe ovuta. Izi zimabweretsa zovuta zatsopano pakutha kuyenda, kuchuluka kwa zinthu, komanso kufalikira kwa tinthu tating'onoting'ono ta ufa wokhala ndi micronized - wosanjikiza ufa wofanana ndi wofunikira kuti zitsimikizire kulondola kwa kusindikiza.
III. Mavuto ndi Tsogolo: Zopinga ndi Zopambana
Ngakhale kuti zinthu zikuyenda bwino, mavuto ambiri adakalipo. Vuto lalikulu lili mu zinthu zapamwamba kwambiri. Mwachitsanzo, mu ufa woyera wopangidwa ndi alumina wopangidwa ndi micronized womwe umagwiritsidwa ntchito popukuta chip (CMP), zinthu zapakhomo zimatsalirabe ndi zinthu zapamwamba kwambiri kuchokera ku Japan ndi Germany pakukhala bwino kwa zinthu zapakhomo komanso kulamulira tinthu tating'onoting'ono tating'ono. Woyang'anira zogula ku kampani yopanga zinthu za semiconductor anandiuza kuti, "Sikuti sitithandizira zinthu zapakhomo, koma kuti sitingakwanitse kutenga chiopsezo. Ngati gulu limodzi lili ndi vuto, ma wafer onse a mzere wopanga angafunike kuchotsedwa, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti pakhale kutayika kwakukulu."
Zifukwa zake ndi zovuta: Choyamba, zida zapamwamba zopera ndi kugawa zimadalirabe zinthu zochokera kunja; zida zathu sizili bwino kwenikweni komanso zolimba. Chachiwiri, kulondola kwa kayendetsedwe ka ntchito sikukwanira; nthawi zambiri, kumadalirabe zomwe akatswiri odziwa bwino ntchito akumana nazo, popanda kuzindikira bwino deta komanso kuwongolera mwanzeru. Chachitatu, njira zoyesera sizokwanira; mwachitsanzo, kuwerengera molondola tinthu tating'onoting'ono tochepera 0.5 micrometers ndi kusanthula mwachangu kwa kapangidwe ka tinthu tating'onoting'ono—zida zapamwambazi zoyesera zimachokeranso kunja. Komabe, palibe chifukwa choganizira mopitirira muyeso. Makampani angapo akunyumba akupeza ntchito. Ena akugwirizana ndi mayunivesite kuti aphunzire njira yophwanya tinthu tating'onoting'ono mu kugaya ndege, ndikukonza magawo a njira; ena akuyika ndalama zambiri popanga mizere yanzeru yopanga, ndi magawo onse ofunikira a njira yowunikira pa intaneti ndikusinthidwa zokha; ena akupanga ukadaulo watsopano wosintha pamwamba kuti ufa wopangidwa ndi micron ugwire bwino ntchito m'njira zosiyanasiyana.
Ndikukhulupirira kuti njira zamtsogolo zopititsira patsogolo zinthu zidzasintha m'njira zingapo: Kusintha: Kusintha ufa wopangidwa ndi ma micron okhala ndi tinthu tating'onoting'ono tosiyanasiyana, mawonekedwe, ndi mawonekedwe a pamwamba malinga ndi zosowa za makasitomala—nthawi ya njira ya "kufanana kwa kukula konse" yatha. Kupanga Mwanzeru: Kukwaniritsa kukonza nthawi yeniyeni kwa njira yopangira zinthu kudzera pa intaneti ya Zinthu, deta yayikulu, ndi luntha lochita kupanga kuti zitsimikizire kukhazikika kwa batch. Kupanga Kobiriwira: Kuchepetsa kugwiritsa ntchito mphamvu ndi kuipitsa, monga kukonza kusunga mphamvu mu njira yopondaponda ndi kubwezeretsanso ndikugwiritsanso ntchito ufa wotayira. Kupanga Zinthu Mwatsopano: Kulimbitsa mgwirizano ndi makasitomala otsika kuti apange mapulogalamu m'magawo omwe akutukuka kumene, monga zokutira zolekanitsa mabatire atsopano amagetsi ndi kukonza zosefera za ceramic za 5G.
Nkhani yaalumina woyera wosakanikiranaUfa wopangidwa ndi ma micronized ndi mtundu wa kusintha ndi kukweza makampani opanga zinthu ku China. Kuyambira pa "kugaya ndi kugulitsa" koyamba kosavuta komanso kosafunikira mpaka "njira zothetsera mavuto" zomwe zilipo panopa, njira iyi yatenga zaka zambiri. Izi zikutiuza kuti mpikisano weniweni suli m'manja mwa zinthu, koma m'kumvetsetsa bwino zinthu ndi kuwongolera kwambiri njira. Kulamulira kukula kwa tinthu tating'onoting'ono, mawonekedwe, ndi chiyero cha ufa uliwonse, ndikukonza njira iliyonse yopangira, kumafuna kuleza mtima komanso, makamaka, chidwi chachikulu.
Pamene ufa wathu woyera wopangidwa ndi alumina sungangopukuta galasi la wotchi komanso kupukusa chipu; osati kungolimbitsa njerwa yosalimba komanso kuthandizira ukadaulo wamakono, ndiye kuti tasinthadi kuchoka pa "kupanga" kupita ku "kupanga mwanzeru." Ufa woyera wochepa uwu sumangokhala ndi kulondola kwa mafakitale komanso kuzama ndi kulimba kwa mafakitale azinthu zoyambira mdziko muno. Njira yomwe ili patsogolo ndi yayitali, koma njira yake ndi yomveka bwino—kulunjika pamwamba, kulabadira tsatanetsatane, ndikukhazikitsa njira zothandiza.