Chiyambi ndi Kugwiritsa Ntchito Cerium Oxide
I. Chidule cha Zamalonda
Cerium oxide (CeO₂), wotchedwanso cerium dioxide,ndi okusayidi wa rare earth element cerium, wokhala ndi mawonekedwe otumbululuka achikasu mpaka oyera. Monga nthumwi yofunikira yamagulu osowa padziko lapansi, cerium oxide imagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri pakupukuta magalasi, kuyeretsa utsi wagalimoto, zida zamagetsi zamagetsi, mphamvu zatsopano ndi magawo ena chifukwa chamankhwala ake apadera komanso zida zothandizira. Malo ake osungunuka ndi pafupifupi 2400 ℃, ali ndi kukhazikika kwamankhwala abwino, osasungunuka m'madzi, ndipo amatha kukhala okhazikika pansi pa kutentha kwakukulu ndi malo olimba oxidizing.
Pakupanga mafakitale,cerium oxidenthawi zambiri amachotsedwa ku mchere wokhala ndi cerium (monga fluorocarbon cerium ore ndi monazite) ndipo amapezeka kudzera mu leaching ya asidi, kuchotsa, mpweya, calcination ndi njira zina. Malinga ndi chiyero ndi kukula kwa tinthu tating'onoting'ono, titha kugawidwa kukhala kalasi yopukutira, kalasi yothandizira, kalasi yamagetsi ndi mankhwala a nano-grade, omwe ali ndi chiyero choyera cha nano cerium oxide ndiye maziko a ntchito zapamwamba.
II. Zamalonda
Kuchita bwino kwa polishing:Cerium oxideali ndi mphamvu zamakina opukutira, zomwe zimatha kuchotsa mwachangu zolakwika zagalasi ndikuwongolera kutha kwapamwamba.
Kuthekera kolimba kwa redox: Kusintha kosinthika pakati pa Ce⁴⁺ ndi Ce³⁺ kumapereka mwayi wosungirako okosijeni wapadera komanso kutulutsa, makamaka koyenera kuchitapo kanthu.
Kukhazikika kwamphamvu kwamankhwala: Sikophweka kuchitapo kanthu ndi ma asidi ambiri ndi maziko, ndipo imatha kupitiliza kugwira ntchito pansi pamavuto.
Kukana kutentha kwakukulu: Malo osungunuka kwambiri ndi kukhazikika kwa kutentha kumapangitsa kuti ikhale yoyenera kutentha kwapamwamba ndi zoumba zamagetsi.
Kukula kwa tinthu tating'onoting'ono: Kukula kwa tinthu tating'ono kumatha kusinthidwa kuchokera ku micron kupita ku nanometer kukwaniritsa zosowa zosiyanasiyana zamafakitale.
III. Magawo akuluakulu ofunsira
1. Galasi ndi kuwala kupukuta
Cerium oxide kupukuta ufa ndiye chinthu chachikulu chopangira magalasi amakono. Kachitidwe kake kake kamamakina kumatha kuchotseratu zokala ting'onoting'ono ndikupanga mawonekedwe agalasi. Amagwiritsidwa ntchito makamaka pa:
Kupukuta mafoni am'manja ndi zowonera pakompyuta;
Kupera kolondola kwa magalasi apamwamba owoneka bwino ndi magalasi a kamera;
mankhwala pamwamba pa LCD zowonetsera ndi TV galasi;
Mwatsatanetsatane kristalo ndi kuwala galasi mankhwala processing.
Poyerekeza ndi zida zopukutira zachitsulo zachitsulo, cerium oxide imakhala ndi liwiro lopukutira mwachangu, kuwala kwapamwamba kwambiri, komanso moyo wautali wautumiki.
2. Chothandizira kutulutsa magalimoto
Cerium oxide ndi gawo lofunikira kwambiri pazothandizira njira zitatu zamagalimoto. Imatha kusunga ndikutulutsa mpweya wabwino, kuzindikira kutembenuka kwamphamvu kwa carbon monoxide (CO), ma nitrogen oxides (NOₓ) ndi ma hydrocarbons (HC), potero amachepetsa utsi woipa wagalimoto komanso kukwaniritsa miyezo yokhwima ya chilengedwe.
3. Mphamvu zatsopano ndi ma cell amafuta
Nano cerium oxide imatha kusintha kwambiri madulidwe ndi kulimba kwa mabatire ngati ma electrolyte kapena zida zolumikizirana m'ma cell olimba a oxide mafuta (SOFC). Panthawi imodzimodziyo, cerium oxide imasonyezanso ntchito yabwino m'magawo a hydrogen catalytic decomposition ndi lithiamu-ion batri zowonjezera.
4. Zida zamagetsi zamagetsi ndi zowonjezera magalasi
Monga zopangira zofunikira pazitsulo zamagetsi, cerium okusayidi angagwiritsidwe ntchito popanga capacitors, thermistors, kuwala fyuluta zipangizo, etc. Pamene anawonjezera galasi, akhoza kutenga mbali mu decolorization, transparency kuwongola, ndi UV chitetezo, ndi kusintha durability ndi kuwala katundu galasi.
5. Zodzoladzola ndi zotetezera
Nano cerium oxide particles amatha kuyamwa cheza cha ultraviolet ndipo nthawi zambiri amagwiritsidwa ntchito pa sunscreens ndi mankhwala osamalira khungu. Ali ndi ubwino wa kukhazikika kwachilengedwe ndipo samatengeka mosavuta ndi khungu. Nthawi yomweyo, imawonjezedwa ku zokutira zamafakitale kuti ipititse patsogolo kukana kwa dzimbiri komanso mphamvu zolimbana ndi ukalamba.
6. Ulamuliro wa chilengedwe ndi catalysis mankhwala
Cerium oxide imakhala ndi ntchito zofunika pakuyeretsa zinyalala zamafakitale, zimbudzi zothandizira makutidwe ndi okosijeni ndi zina. Kuchita kwake kothandizira kwambiri kumapangitsa kuti azigwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri m'njira monga kuwonongeka kwa mafuta ndi kaphatikizidwe ka mankhwala.
IV. Njira yachitukuko
Ndi chitukuko chofulumira cha mphamvu zatsopano, optics, kuteteza chilengedwe ndi mafakitale ena, kufunika kwacerium oxideakupitiriza kukula. Mayendedwe akulu akulu mtsogolomo ndi awa:
Nano- ndi magwiridwe antchito apamwamba: sinthani malo enieni komanso zochita za cerium oxide kudzera mu nanotechnology.
Zida zopukutira zobiriwira komanso zachilengedwe: khazikitsani zowononga pang'ono, zotsitsimula kwambiri kuti zithandizire kugwiritsa ntchito zida.
Kukula kwamalo amagetsi atsopano: Pali chiyembekezo chamsika chokulirapo mu mphamvu ya haidrojeni, ma cell amafuta, ndi zida zosungiramo mphamvu.
Kubwezeretsanso zinthu: Limbikitsani kuchira kosowa kwa nthaka kwa ufa wopukuta zinyalala ndi chothandizira kuti muchepetse zinyalala.
V. Mapeto
Chifukwa cha ntchito yake yabwino yopukutira, ntchito zothandizira komanso kukhazikika, cerium okusayidi yakhala chinthu chofunikira pakukonza magalasi, kutulutsa utsi wagalimoto, zida zamagetsi zamagetsi ndi mafakitale amagetsi atsopano. Ndi kupita patsogolo kwaukadaulo komanso kukula kwa kufunikira kwa mafakitale obiriwira, kuchuluka kwa cerium oxide kudzakulitsidwa, ndipo mtengo wake wamsika ndi chitukuko chidzakhala chopanda malire.