Zofunikira Zaukhondo pa White Corundum mu Zipangizo Zokonzera Chakudya
Nthawi ya 5 koloko m'mawa, Mtsogoleri Li wa fakitale yophikira maketoni anayasamula pamene anatsegula chitseko cha workshop, fungo lamphamvu la mankhwala ophera tizilombo toyambitsa matenda a ozone likumugunda. Monga mwachizolowezi, anayenda kupita ku makina atsopano ophikira madzi, zala zake zikutsuka mkati mwa chitsulo chosapanga dzimbiri, chomwe chinkamveka chosalala ngati galasi. “Old Wang, chotsukira chatsopanochi ndi chabwino kwambiri! Chabwino kwambiri kuposa gulu lomaliza. Palibe burr ngakhale imodzi yomwe ingakhudze!” Wogwira ntchito Old Wang anamwetulira. “Zoonadi, mipata yopangidwa ndi 'ufa woyera wa safiro' uwu imapangitsa kuti zotsalira za zipatso zikhale zosalala ngati loach. Pali ngodya zochepa zosayera!” “Ufa woyera wa safiro” umenewu womwe amatchula ndi chinthu chachikulu chomwe chimasunga njira yaukhondo ya zida zopangira chakudya: chakudya chapamwambacorundum yoyera.
Mu dziko la kukonza chakudya, "ukhondo" ndi wofunika kwambiri. Ngakhale kukanda pang'ono kapena kusweka pang'ono pamwamba pa zipangizo kungapangitse kuti mabakiteriya abereke komanso kusunga zinyalala zachitsulo, zomwe zimaipitsa chinthucho. Ufa woyera wa corundum micropowder ndiye "chida cholimba" chothana ndi vutoli. Umapangidwa kuchokera ku alumina woyera kwambiri (Al₂O₃ ≥ 99.5%), wosungunuka mu uvuni wamagetsi, woziziritsidwa ndi kusungunuka, kenako wophwanyidwa ndikusinthidwa. Uli ndi kuuma kwa Mohs mpaka 9. Komabe, zofunikira pa chakudya zimaposa "kuuma" kokha; zimagogomezeranso "kuyera" ndi "ukhondo."
Chiyero ndiye njira yotetezera chakudya. Corundum yoyera ya mafakitale wamba imatha kusunga zinyalala zachitsulo monga chitsulo ndi chromium. Mumakampani opanga chakudya, ngakhale gawo limodzi pa miliyoni imodzi lingakhale loopsa. Ndikukumbukira fakitale yamadzimadzi yakomweko zaka zitatu zapitazo yomwe idakumana ndi chochitika pomwe milingo yambiri ya zitsulo zolemera idapezeka muzinthu zake. Gwero lake linali kugwiritsa ntchito zopopera zokhala ndi chitsulo panthawi yopukuta. Tinthu tachitsuloti tinalowa m'magawo a weld ndipo pambuyo pake tinasungunuka ndi madzi a acidic pakapita nthawi. Corundum yoyera ya chakudya imachotsa zoopsa izi kuchokera ku gwero: zinthu zopangira zosankhidwa mosamala, malo osungunulira alibe zodetsa, ndipo chinthu chomalizidwa chimayesedwa ndi ICP-MS (Inductively Coupled Plasma Mass Spectrometry) kuti zitsimikizire kuti kuchuluka kwa zitsulo zolemera kumakhalabe pansi pa malire okhwima omwe akhazikitsidwa ndi muyezo wadziko lonse wa GB 4806.9-2016, "Zinthu Zachitsulo ndi Zinthu Zomwe Zimapangidwira Kukhudzana ndi Chakudya." Malinga ndi mawu a Lao Zhang wochokera ku Dipatimenti Yoyang'anira Ubwino, “Ufa uwu ndi woyera kwambiri, uli ngati kuugwiritsa ntchito ngati chowunikira chitetezo cha zida. Muyenera kukhala 'oyera' nokha poyamba!”
Kapangidwe ka tinthu tating'onoting'ono kamatsimikizira kupulumuka kwa malo obisika aukhondo. Kupukuta zida za chakudya sikuti ndi "kunyezimira" kukhala bwino; chofunikira ndikupanga malo omwe sasunga dothi. Tangoganizirani thanki yosapanga dzimbiri yosakanizira. Yopukutidwa ndi zinthu wamba zokhala ndi m'mbali zakuthwa, imawoneka yowala, koma pansi pa maikulosikopu, ili ndi "mipanda" yaying'ono - malo achilengedwe obisalamo mabakiteriya ndi zotsalira. Ufa woyera wa corundum wopangidwa ndi chakudya umagwiritsa ntchito njira yapadera yopangira tinthu tating'onoting'ono tozungulira. Monga momwe Lao Wang amafotokozera, "Ndinkagwiritsa ntchito ufa wosapangidwa ndi kampani, ndipo zida pambuyo popukuta zinali ngati galasi lozizira - losalala pokhudza, koma lodzaza ndi mabowo ang'onoang'ono mukayang'anitsitsa. Tsopano, ndi ufa wozungulira uwu, uli ngati galasi lenileni! Muzimutsuka ndi madzi, ndipo palibe chomwe chimamatira pamwamba pake." Tinthu tating'onoting'ono timakulungidwa mofanana panthawi yopukuta, m'malo modula, kuchepetsa ming'alu ndi mabowo, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti pamwamba pa zidazo "pakhale kosavuta kuyeretsa komanso kopanda zotsalira."
Kukonza pamwamba kumalimbitsa chitetezo cha tizilombo toyambitsa matenda. Kutentha kwambiri ndi chinyezi cha malo opangira chakudya zimapangitsa kuti tizilombo toyambitsa matenda tizikula. Ngakhale kuti ufa wamba wa corundum ndi wokhazikika, ukhoza kukhala gwero la kuipitsidwa ngati umatenga chinyezi kapena zonyansa zamoyo. Zakudya zoyenera kudya ziyenera kuchitidwa opaleshoni yapadera yotseka ndi kutseka ma pore: calcination yotentha kwambiri imachotsa malo omwe akugwira ntchito pamwamba, ndipo tinthu tating'onoting'ono timakutidwa ndi silane yophimbidwa ndi chakudya. "Chophimba choteteza" ichi sichimangoletsa kuti abrasive isatenge zodetsa zachilengedwe, komanso chimatsimikizira kuti slurry yopukutira imayenda mofanana komanso mokhazikika. Mainjiniya ku fakitale ya mkaka adagawana, "Pambuyo posintha kupita ku mankhwala ochiritsidwaufa woyera wa corundum, kuchuluka kwa kupasa mayeso a tizilombo toyambitsa matenda pambuyo poti zipangizo zatsukidwa kunakwera ndi 30%. Zili ngati kugwiritsa ntchito sera pamwamba pa zipangizo, kuteteza dothi kuti lisapitirire!
Ukadaulo wokonza zinthu ndi njira yolimba yoyeretsa. Kugwiritsa ntchito corundum yoyera mu zida za chakudya sikungokhala njira yosavuta yopukuta fumbi ndi kupukuta. Kuyambira kupukuta ma weld m'matanki osakaniza mpaka kuumba chokoleti chomaliza ndi galasi, miyezo yolimba ya ukhondo "yopanda fumbi, yopanda mafuta, komanso yosatsatirika" iyenera kutsatiridwa. Kupukuta kuyenera kuchitidwa pamalo oyera, opatukana pogwiritsa ntchito mafuta ozizira a chakudya (nthawi zambiri madzi osasungunuka kapena mafuta a masamba oyengedwa) kuti apewe kuipitsidwa ndi mafuta a mchere. Pambuyo popukuta, zidazo zimadutsa mu njira yoyeretsera ya magawo ambiri: kuchotsa mafuta a alkaline, kusuntha kwa asidi, ndipo pamapeto pake kutsuka ndi madzi oyera mpaka mphamvu yoyendetsera zinthu ifike pamlingo womwe watchulidwa. Njira yonseyi ili ngati opaleshoni, ndipo sitepe iliyonse yalembedwa. Wopanga chakudya wozizira yemwe amatumiza ku EU amalamula kuti mpweya wa Class 100,000 ukhale woyera mu malo oyeretsera zinthu—ufa woyera wa corundum uwu “ukuvinadi m'chipinda chopanda mpweya.”
Poyang'ana patsogolo, zofunikira za ukhondo ndi chitetezo cha makampani azakudya zidzangokulirakulira. Kuwunika mwanzeru komanso pa intaneti kudzakhala chizolowezi. Mwachitsanzo, matope oyera opukuta a corundum okhala ndi masensa ophatikizika amatha kuyang'anira pH, kuchuluka kwa tinthu tating'onoting'ono, ndi kuchuluka kwa zodetsa nthawi yeniyeni; ndipo corundum yoyera yosinthidwa ndi zokutira zophera tizilombo toyambitsa matenda ikhoza kupangidwa kuti ipereke mphamvu zotsutsana ndi mabakiteriya pamalo opangira zida popukuta. Katswiri wa zipangizo Dr. Wu adanenapo kale kuti, "Kusintha kwa corundum yoyera ya chakudya ndi nkhondo yaying'ono kwambiri yolimbana ndi kuipitsidwa kwa tizilombo toyambitsa matenda komanso kusamuka kwa mankhwala. Sikokwanira kungowononga; ndi chotchinga choyamba chakuthupi ku chitetezo cha chakudya."
Pamene chidebe chachitsulo chosapanga dzimbiri chimawala mofanana pansi pa kuwala, pamene chokoleti imatuluka mu nkhungu yake ndi galasi lokongola, pamene mzere wodzaza madzi umatsukidwa ndi mphamvu yamphamvu ndipo supeza zotsalira za tizilombo toyambitsa matenda—kumbuyo kwa zonsezo kuli ufa woyera wa corundum micropowder, womwe umasunga mwakachetechete lonjezo lake la “kuuma, chiyero, ndi ukhondo.” Sichili ndi kuwala kowala, koma ndi mphamvu zake zosagwedezeka komanso khalidwe lake loyera, chimamanga khoma losaoneka la chitetezo pamalo ofunikira pomwe makina amakumana ndi chakudya, kuteteza chitetezo cha malilime athu.
Mu dziko la kukonza chakudya, miyezo yokhwima kwambiri ya ukhondo nthawi zambiri imayamba ndi kusalala kosaoneka komanso kosaoneka.