Kodi opanga alumina oyera osakanikirana amakulitsa bwanji kuuma kwa mankhwala?
N’chifukwa chiyani makasitomala amasankha alumina yoyera yosakanikirana? Chifukwa chachikulu ndi kuuma kwake kwapadera—kokhala ndi kuuma kwa Mohs kwa 9, kwachiwiri pambuyo pa diamondi. Komabe “kuuma” kumeneku kumaphatikizapo zovuta kwambiri. Ngakhale pakati paalumina woyera wosakanikiranaKupatula zinthu zomwe zili mu malonda, kusiyana pang'ono kwa kuuma kwa zinthu kungayambitse kusiyana kwakukulu kwa malo amsika ndi mitengo m'mapulogalamu apamwamba. Chifukwa chake, kukulitsa kuuma kwa zinthu sikungokhala lingaliro la ife opanga - ndi luso lenileni lomwe lili mu gawo lililonse kuyambira pa zopangira mpaka kugwiritsa ntchito. Ndi zaka zoposa makumi awiri mumakampaniwa, ndikukhulupirira kuti kupambana kumadalira kuyang'ana kwambiri madera ofunikira awa.
Chipata Choyamba: Zipangizo Zopangira—Magwero Osayera Amatsogolera ku Khama Lopanda Ntchito
Monga mwambi umanenera, “Ngakhale wophika waluso kwambiri sangaphike chakudya popanda mpunga.” “Mpunga” wathu ndiufa wa aluminar. Zovuta zomwe zili pano zimapitirira pa chinthu chimodzi chokha choyera.
Chiyero ndiye maziko: Iyi ndi mfundo yogwiritsidwa ntchito bwino, koma iyenera kugogomezedwa. Kuchuluka kwa aluminiyamu oxide (Al₂O₃) kuyenera kusungidwa mosamala pamwamba pa 99.5%, makamaka kufika 99.7% kapena kupitirira apo. Zonyansa monga sodium (Na₂O), silicon (SiO₂), ndi chitsulo (Fe₂O₃) zili ngati maulalo ofooka. Pa kutentha kwakukulu, amapanga magawo agalasi otsika-kusungunuka—monga kuwonjezera madontho ochepa a madzi ku chipika cholimba cha ayezi, nthawi yomweyo kuwononga umphumphu wa kapangidwe kake konse. Chifukwa chake, pogula zinthu zopangira, munthu ayenera kuyang'anitsitsa ngati mabelu amkuwa. Gulu lililonse liyenera kutsatiridwa ndi malipoti oyesera ovomerezeka, ndipo munthu ayenera kukumbukira buku lolembedwa bwino.
Kubisika kwa kapangidwe ka kristalo ndi ntchito zake: Ngakhale pakati paufa wa alumina, kusiyana pakati pa alumina wopangidwa ndi calcium ndi alumina wamba wa mafakitale n'kofunika kwambiri. Timakonda "alumina wopangidwa ndi calcium." Zinthuzi zimakonzedwa kutentha kwambiri zomwe zimamaliza kusintha kwake kwa kristalo, kuonetsetsa kuti zimakhala zokhazikika komanso zowongoka. Chofunika kwambiri, makhiristo ake amakula bwino kwambiri ndi ma pores ochepa amkati. Izi zimathandiza kuti zigwirizane bwino komanso mofanana mu uvuni wathu wa arc, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti makhiristo a corundum azikhala olimba komanso olimba. Musanyengedwe ndi ufa wa alumina wa mafakitale wotsika mtengo—kuchuluka kwawo kwa zochita komanso kapangidwe kake kosasinthasintha kumapangitsa kuti makhiristo asapangidwe bwino, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti kuuma kukhale kovuta.
Gawo Lachiwiri: Kusungunuka—Kutentha Kosakwanira Kumafanana ndi Kutaya Ntchito
Iyi ndi gawo lofunika kwambiri komanso lovuta kwambiri paukadaulo—makamaka, momwe “timasewerera ndi moto.” Moto ukayamba kuyaka, zonse zimatengera ndalama zenizeni komanso nthawi yofunika kwambiri yolimba kwa chinthucho.
Kutentha ndiye "moyo": Kusungunula alumina yoyera yosakanikirana kumafuna kutentha kopitilira 2000°C. Komabe kukwera sikuli bwino nthawi zonse, komanso kusunga kutentha kosalekeza sikukwanira. Timayesetsa "kutenthetsa kutentha kofanana." Izi zikutanthauza kuti chipinda cha ng'anjo chiyenera kukhala ndi kutentha kokhazikika, kofanana, kulola alumina wosungunuka kumaliza kwathunthu komanso mofanana njira yosungunula ndi kupanga makristalo. Ngati kutentha kumasintha kwambiri kapena madera am'deralo akadali osatenthedwa mokwanira, "zinthu zosasungunuka" kapena madera osasungunuka mokwanira adzapangidwa. Madera awa amakhala maulalo ofooka mu kuuma kwa chinthucho. Ogwira ntchito akale amatha kuweruza momwe ng'anjo ilili molondola kwambiri pongomvera phokoso la arc ndikuwona mtundu wa lawi - zonse kutengera zomwe adakumana nazo.
Luso la "Kuyeretsa": Kusungunula kokha sikokwanira; zonyansa ziyenera "kuchotsedwa." Pakusungunula, njira zoyenera zimalola zonyansa zopepuka (makamaka silicates) kukwera pamwamba, ndikupanga "silika slag" yomwe imachotsedwa. Izi zikachitika bwino, chitsulo chosungunuka chimakhala choyera kwambiri. Izi zimapangitsa kuti corundum ikhale yoyera kwambiri, ndipo, motero, imakhala yolimba kwambiri. Zili ngati kuwiritsa msuzi wabwino: kusungunula phulusa mosalekeza kumatsimikizira kuti supuyo ndi yomveka bwino, yokoma, komanso yokoma.
Kuzizira kwa mpweya ndi "kukhudza kwakukulu": Kuzizira kwa mpweya pambuyo posungunuka si nkhani yongoisiya kuti izizire mwachisawawa. Kulamulira kutentha kwa mpweya ndikofunikira kwambiri. Njira yozizira pang'onopang'ono komanso yofanana imalimbikitsa makristalo akuluakulu, okwanira a corundum okhala ndi malire omveka bwino a tirigu. Tirigu wolimba, wosagwedezeka amapereka kuuma kwabwino kwambiri. Komabe, kuzizira mwachangu kumalepheretsa makristasi kukula mokwanira ndipo kumabweretsa kupsinjika kwakukulu kwamkati, pamapeto pake kumawononga kuuma ndi kulimba. Ndicho chifukwa chake ma ingot athu akuluakulu amadutsa mu njira yozizira "yophikidwa pang'onopang'ono" - siingachitike mwachangu.
Gawo Lachitatu: Kuphwanya ndi Kukonza Maginito—Ntchito Yovuta, Luso Labwino, Kusunga Chikhalidwe
Zidutswa zazikulu za fusedalumina woyera wosakanikiranaAli kale ndi kuuma kodziwika bwino. Koma ngati kuphwanya ndi kukonza pambuyo pake kuchitidwa mosasamala, kungawononge khama lathu, kuwononga chinthu cholimba kwambiri chomwe chapezedwa molimbika.
Njira yophwanyira ndi yofunika kwambiri: Musagwiritse ntchito njira zachidule pogwiritsa ntchito zida zomwe zimakhala ndi mphamvu yochulukirapo yomwe imayambitsa kuphwanyira kwambiri. Timaika patsogolo ma crushers monga ma crushers opindika kawiri ndi ma crushers a nsagwada omwe amagwiritsa ntchito njira za "compression" ndi "shearing", pang'onopang'ono kuchepetsa zinthuzo kuchokera ku zidutswa zazikulu kufika pa kukula kwa tinthu tofunikira. Izi zimakulitsa kusungidwa kwa kapangidwe ka kristalo ka tinthu tating'onoting'ono ndipo zimachepetsa kupangika kwa ming'alu yaying'ono yamkati. Ngati ma crushers a hammer agwiritsidwa ntchito popha mwamphamvu, tinthu tambiri tingawoneke tokha koma timawonongeka kwambiri mkati. Ufa wa tinthu tating'onoting'ono woterewu umasweka chifukwa cha kupsinjika panthawi yogwiritsidwa ntchito, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti kuuma kwawo kwakukulu kusakhale kopanda tanthauzo.
Kulondola kwa magulu ndikofunikira kwambiri: Kulimba kumaonekera kudzera mu tinthu tating'onoting'ono tomwe timakhala tomwe timakhala tomwe timakhala tolimba kwambiri. Ngati kugawa kwa tinthu tating'onoting'ono kuli kwakukulu kwambiri—ndipo tinthu tina tomwe timakhala tolimba kwambiri ndipo tina tochepa kwambiri—wogwiritsa ntchitoyo adzakumana ndi zotsatira zosasinthasintha panthawi yophulitsa mchenga kapena kupanga nkhungu. Izi zili choncho chifukwa mphamvu yomwe imagwiritsidwa ntchito si yofanana. Chifukwa chake, kugawa molondola kwa hydraulic kapena pneumatic ndikofunikira. Kusankha tinthu tating'onoting'ono m'magulu okhwima kumatsimikizira kukula kofanana kwa tinthu tating'onoting'ono mkati mwa gulu lililonse. Izi zimathandiza kuti tinthu tating'onoting'ono tonse tigwire ntchito mofanana ndikutumiza mphamvu, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti kuuma kwa chinthucho komanso kugwira ntchito bwino. Zili ngati gulu lankhondo: asilikali ofanana kutalika ndi mphamvu amapanga mphamvu yamphamvu; kusakaniza kutalika ndi zomangamanga kumakhala gulu losakonzedwa bwino.
Kuonjezera kuuma kwa alumina yoyera yosakanikirana ndi ntchito yokhazikika. Kuyambira kutengera zinthu zopangira mpaka kutumiza komaliza, sitepe iliyonse iyenera kukhala yopanda chilema. Zimayesa umphumphu wa opanga athu, kuleza mtima, ndi luso lawo. M'msika wamakono wopikisana kwambiri, komwe kuzindikira kwa makasitomala kumakulirakulira, kudalira zinthu zotsika mtengo kapena nkhondo zamitengo kumangotsogolera ku njira yopapatiza.
Pokhapokha ngati titayang'ana kwambiri—kukonza zinthu zopangira kuti zikhale zoyera kwambiri, kudziwa bwino njira zosungunulira zinthu, komanso kukonza bwino momwe zinthu zilili—zinthu zathu zoyera zopangidwa ndi alumina zitha kukhala zolimba kwambiri. Izi zitithandiza kuti tipeze malo abwino pamsika wapamwamba komanso kukhala ndi mtengo woyenera. Izi sizongokhudza ukadaulo chabe; ndi njira yopulumukira komanso kukula kwa opanga alumina oyera.