Masiku angapo apitawo, ndinali kucheza ndi mnzanga tikumwa tiyi, ndipo iye moseka anati, “Alumina yomwe mumayang'ana nthawi zonse, kodi si zinthu zopangira makapu a ceramic ndi sandpaper?” Izi zinandipangitsa kuti ndisalankhule kalikonse. Zoonadi, pamaso pa anthu wamba,ufa wa aluminandi zinthu zamafakitale chabe, koma m'gulu lathu la mainjiniya a zamankhwala, ndi "ntchito zambiri" zobisika. Lero, tiyeni tikambirane za momwe ufa woyera wooneka ngati wambawu walowerera mwakachetechete m'munda wa sayansi ya moyo.
I. Kuyambira ku Chipatala cha Mafupa
Chomwe chinandisangalatsa kwambiri chinali msonkhano wa mafupa womwe ndinapitako chaka chatha. Pulofesa wachikulire adapereka zaka khumi ndi zisanu zotsatizana za kusintha kwa mafupa a alumina ceramic - ndi kuchuluka kwa moyo wopitilira 95%, zomwe zidadabwitsa madokotala onse achichepere omwe analipo. Nchifukwa chiyani kusankha alumina? Pali sayansi yambiri kumbuyo kwake. Choyamba, kuuma kwake ndikokwanira, ndipo kukana kwake kukalamba ndi kwamphamvu kwambiri kuposa zida zachikhalidwe zachitsulo. Mafupa athu a anthu amapirira kukangana zikwizikwi tsiku lililonse. Ma prostheses achikhalidwe achitsulo-pa-pulasitiki amapanga zinyalala pakapita nthawi, zomwe zimapangitsa kutupa ndi kusungunuka kwa mafupa. Komabe, kuchuluka kwa mapuloteni a alumina ceramics ndi gawo limodzi lokha la zinthu zachikhalidwe, chiwerengero chosintha kwambiri pazachipatala.
Chabwino kwambiri ndi kugwirizana kwake ndi zamoyo. Laboratory yathu yachita zoyeserera za chitukuko cha maselo ndipo yapeza kuti ma osteoblast amamangirira ndikufalikira bwino pamwamba pa alumina kuposa pamwamba pa zitsulo zina. Izi zikufotokoza chifukwa chake, mwachipatala, ma prostheses a alumina amalumikizana kwambiri ndi fupa. Komabe, ndikofunikira kudziwa kuti si chilichonse chomwe chimachitika.ufa wa aluminaingagwiritsidwe ntchito. Alumina yachipatala imafuna kuyera kopitilira 99.9%, ndi kukula kwa tirigu wa kristalo komwe kumayendetsedwa pamlingo wa micron, ndipo iyenera kuchitidwa njira yapadera yoyeretsera. Zili ngati kuphika—mchere wamba ndi mchere wa m'nyanja zimatha kuwonjezera zokometsera ku chakudya, koma malo odyera apamwamba amasankha mchere wochokera kuzinthu zinazake.
II. "Woyang'anira Wosaoneka" mu Udokotala wa Mano
Ngati mwapita ku chipatala cha mano chamakono, mwina mwakumanapo kale ndi alumina. Makorona ambiri otchuka okhala ndi ceramic amapangidwa ndi ufa wa alumina ceramic. Makorona achikhalidwe okhala ndi chitsulo amakhala ndi mavuto awiri: choyamba, chitsulocho chimakhudza kukongola, ndipo mzere wa chingamu umakhala wabuluu; chachiwiri, anthu ena amakhala ndi vuto la chitsulo. Makorona a alumina okhala ndi ceramic amathetsa mavutowa. Kuwonekera kwake kumafanana kwambiri ndi mano achilengedwe, ndipo kukonzanso komwe kumachitika ndi kwachilengedwe kotero kuti ngakhale madokotala a mano ayenera kuyang'anitsitsa kuti aone kusiyana. Katswiri wamkulu wa mano amene ndimamudziwa adagwiritsa ntchito fanizo loyenera kwambiri: "Ufa wa alumina ceramic uli ngati mtanda—umasinthasintha kwambiri ndipo ukhoza kupangidwa m'mawonekedwe osiyanasiyana; koma ukatha kuuma, umakhala wolimba ngati mwala, wolimba mokwanira kuswa mtedza (ngakhale sitikulimbikitsa kuchita zimenezo)." Chodziwika kwambiri m'zaka zaposachedwa ndi makorona a alumina osindikizidwa ndi 3D. Kudzera mu kusanthula ndi kupanga kwa digito, amasindikizidwa mwachindunji pogwiritsa ntchito slurry ya alumina, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti pakhale kulondola kwa ma micrometer makumi ambiri. Odwala amatha kubwera m'mawa n'kuchoka ndi korona zawo madzulo—chinthu chosayerekezeka zaka khumi zapitazo.
III. "Kuyenda Molondola" mu Machitidwe Operekera Mankhwala
Kafukufuku pankhaniyi ndi wosangalatsa kwambiri. Popeza ufa wa alumina uli ndi malo ambiri ogwira ntchito pamwamba pake, umatha kuyamwa mamolekyu a mankhwala ngati maginito kenako nkuwamasula pang'onopang'ono. Gulu lathu lachita zoyeserera pogwiritsa ntchito ma microspheres a alumina okhala ndi ma porous omwe ali ndi mankhwala oletsa khansa. Kuchuluka kwa mankhwalawa pamalo otupa kunali kokwera nthawi 3-5 kuposa njira zachikhalidwe zoperekera mankhwala, pomwe zotsatira zoyipa za thupi zinachepa kwambiri. Mfundoyi si yovuta kumvetsetsa: popangaufa wa aluminaKuikamo tinthu tating'onoting'ono kapena tating'onoting'ono pamwamba, kumatha kulumikizidwa ndi mamolekyulu olunjika, monga kupatsa mankhwalawa njira ya "GPS navigation" kuti apite mwachindunji ku chotupacho. Kuphatikiza apo, alumina pamapeto pake imawola kukhala ma ayoni a aluminiyamu m'thupi, omwe amatha kusinthidwa ndi thupi pamlingo wabwinobwino ndipo sadzasonkhana kwa nthawi yayitali. Mnzanga amene amaphunzira chithandizo cholunjika cha khansa ya chiwindi anandiuza kuti adagwiritsa ntchito tinthu tating'onoting'ono ta alumina popereka mankhwala a chemotherapy, zomwe zimawonjezera kuchuluka kwa chotupa ndi 40% mu chitsanzo cha mbewa. "Chofunika kwambiri ndikuwongolera kukula kwa tinthu; 100-200 nanometers ndi yabwino kwambiri—yaing'ono kwambiri ndipo imachotsedwa mosavuta ndi impso, yayikulu kwambiri ndipo sangalowe mu minofu ya chotupa." Mtundu uwu wa tsatanetsatane ndiye mfundo yaikulu ya kafukufukuyu.
IV. "Zofufuza Zosavuta" mu Biosensors
Alumina imagwiranso ntchito yofunika kwambiri pozindikira matenda oyambirira. Pamwamba pake pakhoza kusinthidwa mosavuta ndi ma biomolecule osiyanasiyana, monga ma antibodies, ma enzyme, ndi ma DNA probes, kuti apange ma biosensor osavuta kumva. Mwachitsanzo, ma glucose meter ena m'magazi tsopano amagwiritsa ntchito ma sensor chips okhala ndi alumina. Shuga m'magazi amakumana ndi ma enzymes pa chip kuti apange chizindikiro chamagetsi, ndipo alumina layer imakulitsa chizindikirochi, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti kuzindikira kukhale kolondola kwambiri. Njira zachikhalidwe zoyesera zitha kukhala ndi chiwopsezo cha 15%, pomwe ma sensor a alumina amatha kusunga cholakwikacho mkati mwa 5%, kusiyana kwakukulu kwa odwala matenda ashuga. Masensa apamwamba kwambiri ndi omwe amazindikira ma biomarker a khansa. Chaka chatha, nkhani mu magazini ya *Biomaterials* idawonetsa kuti kugwiritsa ntchito alumina nanowire arrays kuti azindikire prostate-specific antigen kunapangitsa kuti pakhale kukhudzidwa kwakukulu kuposa njira zachikhalidwe, zomwe zikutanthauza kuti zitha kutheka kuzindikira zizindikiro za khansa posachedwa kwambiri.
V. "Chithandizo cha Scaffolding" mu Uinjiniya wa Tishu
Kukonza minofu ndi nkhani yofunika kwambiri mu biomedicine. Mwachidule, kumaphatikizapo kulima minofu yamoyo mu vitro kenako n’kuiika m’thupi. Chimodzi mwa zovuta zazikulu ndi zinthu zomangira - ziyenera kupereka chithandizo kwa maselo popanda kuyambitsa zotsatirapo zoyipa. Ma scaffolds a alumina okhala ndi mabowo apeza malo awo apa. Mwa kuwongolera momwe zinthu zilili, n’zotheka kupanga mapangidwe ofanana ndi siponji a alumina okhala ndi mabowo opitirira 80%, okhala ndi ma pore okwana bwino kuti maselo akule, zomwe zimathandiza kuti michere iyende bwino. Labotale yathu inayesa kugwiritsa ntchito ma scaffolds a alumina kuti ikule minofu ya mafupa, ndipo zotsatira zake zinali zabwino mosayembekezereka. Ma Osteoblasts sanangopulumuka bwino komanso ankatulutsa mafupa ambiri. Kusanthula kunavumbula kuti kuuma pang’ono kwa pamwamba pa alumina kunalimbikitsa ntchito ya maselo, zomwe zinali zodabwitsa kwambiri.
VI. Mavuto ndi Ziyembekezo
Zachidziwikire, kugwiritsa ntchitoaluminiyamuMu gawo la zamankhwala mulibe mavuto ake. Choyamba, pali vuto la mtengo; njira yokonzekera alumina yachipatala ndi yovuta, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti ikhale yokwera mtengo kambirimbiri kuposa alumina ya mafakitale. Chachiwiri, deta yachitetezo cha nthawi yayitali ikusonkhanitsidwabe. Ngakhale kuti malingaliro apano ndi abwino, kulimba kwa sayansi kumafuna kuyang'aniridwa kosalekeza. Kuphatikiza apo, zotsatira za nano-alumina zamoyo zimafunikira kafukufuku wozama. Zinthu zopangidwa ndi nano zili ndi makhalidwe apadera, ndipo ngati izi ndi zothandiza kapena zovulaza zimadalira deta yoyesera yolimba. Komabe, ziyembekezo zake ndi zabwino. Magulu ena tsopano akufufuza zinthu zanzeru za alumina - mwachitsanzo, zonyamula zomwe zimatulutsa mankhwala pamlingo winawake wa pH kapena pogwiritsa ntchito ma enzyme, kapena zinthu zokonzanso mafupa zomwe zimatulutsa zinthu zomwe zikukula poyankha kusintha kwa nkhawa. Kupambana m'magawo awa kudzasintha njira zochizira.
Pambuyo pomva zonsezi, mnzanga anati, “Sindinaganizepo kuti ufa woyera uwu uli ndi zinthu zambiri chonchi.” Zoonadi, kukongola kwa sayansi nthawi zambiri kumabisika mwachibadwa. Ulendo wa ufa wa alumina kuchokera ku malo ogwirira ntchito zamafakitale kupita kuzipinda zochitira opaleshoni ndi ma laboratories umasonyeza bwino kukongola kwa kafukufuku wa mitundu yosiyanasiyana. Asayansi a zipangizo, madokotala, ndi akatswiri a zamoyo akugwira ntchito limodzi kuti apumule moyo watsopano mu zinthu zachikhalidwe. Mgwirizano wa mitundu yosiyanasiyana uwu ndi womwe umayambitsa kupita patsogolo kwa mankhwala amakono.
Kotero nthawi ina mukadzawonaokusayidi wa aluminiyamu Ngati mugula chinthu ichi, ganizirani izi: sichingakhale mbale yadothi kapena gudumu lopukutira; chingakhale kukonza thanzi la anthu ndi miyoyo yawo mwanjira ina, mu labotale kapena kuchipatala kwinakwake. Kupita patsogolo kwa zamankhwala nthawi zambiri kumachitika motere: osati kudzera mu kupita patsogolo kwakukulu, koma nthawi zambiri kudzera mu zipangizo monga aluminiyamu oxide, kupeza pang'onopang'ono ntchito zatsopano ndikuthetsa mavuto ofunikira mwakachetechete. Chomwe tiyenera kuchita ndikukhalabe ndi chidwi ndi malingaliro otseguka, ndikupeza mwayi wapadera wamba.