Mavuto Okhudza Kupukuta Nkhungu
Aliyense amene wakhala akugwira ntchito mumakampani opanga nkhungu kwa zaka zoposa khumi akudziwa kuti ngakhale kupukuta kumaoneka kosavuta, kwenikweni kumakhala kovuta kwambiri. Opanga nkhungu ambiri amaona kuti njira yopukuta ndiyo yovuta kwambiri - imatenga nthawi yambiri, zotsatira zake sizikugwirizana, ndipo imadalira kwambiri zomwe katswiri waluso wachita. Izi ndi zoona makamaka tsopano, chifukwa cha kuchuluka kwa zinthu zopangidwa ndi nkhungu, kuyambira chitsulo chachikhalidwe cha P20 mpaka S136 yolimba kwambiri, komanso ngakhale carbide yolimba ndi zinthu zadothi. Zipangizo ndi njira zopukutira zachikhalidwe nthawi zambiri sizili bwino. Woyang'anira malo opukutira a fakitale yopangira nkhungu yolondola ku Shenzhen anandiuza kuti, "Kale, tinkagwiritsa ntchito boron carbide ndi ufa wa diamondi, zomwe zinkagwira ntchito bwino, koma mtengo wake unali wokwera kwambiri; mafakitale ambiri ang'onoang'ono sakanatha kuzigula. Ufa wamba wa corundum umakhala ndi mikwingwirima, ndipo nthawi zina, mutapukuta, pansi pa mikhalidwe ina yowunikira, pamakhalabe mikwingwirima yamdima."
"Makhalidwe Abwino Kwambiri" a White Fused Alumina Micro-powder
Chifukwa chakeufa woyeretsedwa wa alumina woyeraKuchita bwino kwambiri pakupukuta nkhungu kumatsimikiziridwa ndi "mapangidwe ake a majini." Gawo lake lalikulu ndi α-aluminium oxide, yokhala ndi chiyero choposa 99%. Kodi chiyerochi chimatanthauza chiyani? Zimatanthauza kuipitsidwa kochepa, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti zisapangitse kukanda mwangozi panthawi yopukuta. Zili ngati kupukuta matabwa ndi sandpaper yabwino; ngati sandpaper ili ndi tinthu tating'onoting'ono tating'onoting'ono, pamwamba pake padzawonongeka. Ubwino wina wa chiyero chachikulu ndi kuuma kofanana. Alumina yoyera yosakanikirana ili ndi kuuma kwa Mohs kwa 9.0, yachiwiri pambuyo pa diamondi ndi silicon carbide, koma ubwino wake uli mu kuuma kwake kosasinthasintha. Omwe amapukuta amadziwa kuti ngati tinthu tating'onoting'ono ta abrasive tili ndi kuuma kosasinthasintha, tinthu tofewa timadyedwa poyamba, ndipo tinthu tolimba timatuluka, zomwe zimayambitsa kukanda mosavuta. Ufa wa alumina wosakanikirana woyera umagwira ntchito "mofanana" pankhaniyi.
Luntha la Kapangidwe ka Tinthu
Chaka chatha, ndinapita ku fakitale yopanga ufa wa alumina woyera wosakanikirana ku Jiangsu, ndipo manejala waukadaulo anandiwonetsa chithunzi choyerekeza pogwiritsa ntchito maikulosikopu ya elekitironi: “Taonani, ichi ndiufa woyeretsedwa wa alumina woyera Timapanga; tinthu tating'onoting'ono timakhala ta hexagonal kapena tozungulira, ndipo m'mbali mwake mwakonzedwa mwapadera kuti tizungulire. Komano, ufa wamba wa alumina wosakanikirana ndi bulauni uli ndi mawonekedwe osasinthasintha komanso m'mbali mwake zakuthwa.” Kusiyana kumeneku n'kofunika kwambiri pakupukuta nkhungu. Ngakhale m'mbali mwake muli mphamvu yodula kwambiri, nthawi zambiri zimayambitsa kukwapula; tinthu tating'onoting'ono tozungulira, kumbali ina, timachita ngati "kugubuduza ndi kupukuta" kuposa "kudula," zomwe zimapangitsa kuti zikhale zoyenera kwambiri pakupukuta nkhungu zomwe zimafuna kupukuta pamwamba kwambiri. Ubwino wa tinthu tating'onoting'ono tozungulira umaonekera kwambiri popukuta madera ovuta kufikako monga malo opindika ndi ngodya zamkati.
Luso la Kulamulira Kukula kwa Tinthu
Ufa wa corundum woyera umakwaniritsa bwino kwambiri kukula kwa tinthu tating'onoting'ono. Zopopera zachikhalidwe nthawi zambiri zimatchedwa "maukonde a 2000" kapena "maukonde a 3000," koma kwenikweni, kugawa kwa tinthu tating'onoting'ono kumatha kuyambira pa maukonde 1500 mpaka maukonde 3500. Komabe, ufa wa corundum woyera wabwino kwambiri ukhoza kukwaniritsa kugawa kwa tinthu tating'onoting'ono. Mwachitsanzo, chinthu cholembedwa kuti W7 (chofanana ndi maukonde a 2500) chidzakhala ndi tinthu tating'onoting'ono toposa 95% mkati mwa W6.5-W7.5.
Kodi kugawa tinthu tating'onoting'ono tomwe timaphikidwa ndi nkhungu n'kofunika bwanji? Tangoganizirani kusefa mpunga ndi sefa; ngati tirigu wa mpunga ndi wofanana kukula kwake, njira yosefera imakhala yosalala; ngati ndi wa kukula kosiyanasiyana, tirigu tating'onoting'ono timatseka mabowo a sefa. Mfundo yomweyi imagwiranso ntchito popukuta. Ufa waung'ono wokhala ndi tinthu tating'onoting'ono tomwe timaphikidwa ndi nkhungu umatsimikizira kudula kosalekeza panthawi yopukuta, kupewa zochitika zomwe madera ena amakhala opukutidwa kwambiri pomwe ena amakhala osapukutidwa bwino.
Magwiridwe antchito mu ntchito zothandiza
Kampani ina ku Guangzhou yomwe imapanga zodzoladzola zopaka utoto kale inkafunika maola 35 kuti ipukute seti ya zodzoladzola zapamwamba kwambiri za lipstick tube. Pambuyo posintha kukhala ufa woyera wa corundum micro-powder, nthawiyo inachepetsedwa kufika maola 22. Katswiri wawo wopukuta anandiuza kuti, "Kale, tinkayenera kusamala kwambiri pa magawo omaliza a kupukuta; ngakhale kulakwitsa pang'ono kungayambitse kupukuta kwambiri kapena kukanda. Tsopano, ndi ufa woyera wa corundum micro-powder, njira yopukuta ndi yosavuta kuilamulira, makamaka m'magawo omaliza, pomwe kuwala pang'ono kumakhala kokwanira kuti tipeze galasi lomaliza."
Pankhani yopukuta nkhungu pafoni yam'manja, ubwino wake ndiufa wa corundum woyerazimaonekera kwambiri. Mabokosi a mafoni am'manja amafunika kupangidwa pamwamba kwambiri, nthawi zina ngakhale pansi pa ma micrometer a Ra 0.01. Fakitale ku Dongguan yomwe imadziwika bwino ndi ma bowola achitsulo a mafoni am'manja inachita mayeso ofanana: popukuta ma bowola a aluminiyamu, pogwiritsa ntchito ufa woyera wa corundum micro-powder kunachepetsa 20% ya kuuma kwa pamwamba poyerekeza ndi zipangizo zachikhalidwe zopukuta, komanso kuchepetsa nthawi yopukuta ndi 15%. Kugwiritsa Ntchito Mabokosi Apadera a Bowola
Chifukwa cha kupita patsogolo kwa zipangizo za nkhungu, zinthu zolimba kwambiri komanso zosavala bwino zikuchulukirachulukira, zomwe zikubweretsa mavuto atsopano pakupukuta. Mwachitsanzo, zipangizo zachikhalidwe zopukuta nthawi zambiri sizigwira ntchito bwino zikagwiritsidwa ntchito pazinthu monga ufa wothamanga kwambiri wachitsulo ndi carbide yopangidwa ndi simenti. Fakitale ya nkhungu ku Shanghai idakumana ndi mavuto pokonza nkhungu zoponda za carbide yopangidwa ndi simenti; kuuma kwa nkhungu kudafika pa HRC70, ndipo zipangizo wamba zopukuta sizinagwire ntchito. Pambuyo pake adayesa kugwiritsa ntchito ufa woyera wa corundum wokhala ndi phala lapadera lopukuta, ndipo zotsatira zake zinali zabwino modabwitsa. Mtsogoleri wawo waukadaulo adati, "Ufa woyera wa corundum uli ndi kuuma kokwanira komanso mphamvu zoyenera zodziwongolera. Panthawi yopukuta, m'mbali zatsopano zodulira nthawi zonse zimawululidwa, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti kupukuta kugwire bwino ntchito."
Ubwino Wachuma
Eni mafakitale ambiri a nkhungu poyamba ankada nkhawa ndi mtengo wokwera wacorundum yoyeraufa wochepa, koma kuyang'anitsitsa kukuwonetsa kuti ubwino wonse ndi wabwino kwambiri. Mwini fakitale ya nkhungu ku Taizhou, Zhejiang, adawerengera ndalama zomwe ndimawononga: poyamba, kupukuta seti ya nkhungu zapulasitiki zapakatikati kunawononga pafupifupi 800 yuan pa ntchito ndi zipangizo, zomwe zinatenga maola 8; mutagwiritsa ntchito ufa woyera wa corundum, ngakhale kuti mtengo wa zinthuzo unakwera ndi 100 yuan, nthawiyo inachepetsedwa kufika maola 5, ndipo ndalama zogwirira ntchito zinachepa ndi zoposa 200 yuan, zomwe zinapangitsa kuti ndalama zonse zichepe ndi zoposa 100 yuan. Kuphatikiza apo, khalidwe la pamwamba linali lokhazikika, ndipo madandaulo a makasitomala anachepa.
Chofunika kwambiri, chimawonjezera nthawi ya nkhungu. Njira yoyenera yopukutira imatha kuchotsa ming'alu yaying'ono pamwamba pa nkhungu ndikuchepetsa kupsinjika. Deta ikuwonetsa kuti nkhungu zopukutidwa mosamala ndi ufa woyera wa corundum micro-powder zimakhala ndi nthawi yapakati ya 15%-20%. Izi ndizofunika kwambiri pa nkhungu zomwe zimawononga makumi kapena mazana masauzande a yuan.
Malangizo Ogwiritsira Ntchito ndi Zodzitetezera
Ngakhale ufa wa corundum woyera umagwira ntchito bwino kwambiri, kugwiritsidwa ntchito kwake kumafuna njira zinazake. Katswiri wina waluso wochokera ku kampani yokonza zinthu zopukutira ku Qingdao adagawana zomwe adakumana nazo:
Kugwiritsa ntchito bwino ndikofunikira kwambiri. Simuyenera kugwiritsa ntchito kukula kofanana kwa grit popukuta kosalala komanso kosalala; muyenera kupitiriza pang'onopang'ono mu "coarse-medium-fine". Mwachitsanzo, mutha kuyamba ndi W40, kusintha pang'onopang'ono kupita ku W10, kenako pomaliza mugwiritse ntchito W3.5 kapena ufa wosalala kwambiri popukuta bwino. Kusankha chonyamulira ndikofunikira. Ufa woyera wa corundum micro-uyenera kugwiritsidwa ntchito ndi phala loyenera kapena chonyamulira chamadzimadzi. Zonyamulira zopangidwa ndi mafuta ndizoyenera kupukuta zitsulo, pomwe zonyamulira zopangidwa ndi madzi ndizoyenera kwambiri zitsulo zopanda chitsulo. Chonyamuliracho sichimangopereka mafuta okhazikika komanso odzola komanso chimachotsa zinyalala zomwe zachotsedwa.
Kupanikizika ndi liwiro ziyenera kufanana. Kupanikizika kwakukulu kwa kupukuta sikukhala bwino nthawi zonse; kupanikizika kwambiri kungayambitse tinthu tating'onoting'ono kulowa pamwamba pa ntchito. Kawirikawiri, kukula kwa tinthu tating'onoting'ono kukakhala kochepa, kupanikizika kumachepa, ndipo liwiro likhoza kuwonjezeka moyenera. Njira yoyeretsera siinganyalanyazidwe. Nthawi iliyonse kukula kwa tinthu tating'onoting'ono kukasinthidwa, pamwamba pa nkhungu ndi zida zopukutira ziyenera kutsukidwa bwino kuti tinthu tating'onoting'ono tisasakanikirane ndi njira yotsatira. Akatswiri odziwa bwino ntchito adzagwiritsa ntchito galasi lokulitsa kuti aone ukhondo pambuyo pa njira iliyonse.
Zochitika Zachitukuko cha Makampani
Kutengera ndi zomwe zawonedwa kuchokera ku ziwonetsero ndi kusinthana kwaukadaulo m'zaka zaposachedwa, njira zingapo zikuonekera pakugwiritsa ntchito ufa wa alumina woyera popukuta nkhungu: Kusintha kwa zinthu kukuchulukirachulukira. Opanga ufa wa micro-powder ambiri akuyamba kupereka ntchito "zopangidwa mwaluso", kupereka ma ratio enieni a tinthu tating'onoting'ono ta ufa wa alumina woyera kutengera zinthu monga nkhungu, zida zopukuta, ndi zofunikira pakumaliza pamwamba. Ena apanganso njira zapadera zamitundu yosiyanasiyana yachitsulo.
Zinthu zopangidwa ndi zinthu zosiyanasiyana zikutchuka kwambiri. Zinthu zopukutira zomwe zikuphatikiza alumina yoyera ndi zinthu zina zikuyamba kuonekera, mongaaluminiyamu woyerakuphatikiza ndi cerium oxide, kulinganiza mphamvu yodulira ndi kutha kwa pamwamba; komanso kuphatikiza ndi diamondi micro-powder yopukuta zinthu zolimba kwambiri. Zinthu zosawononga chilengedwe zikukhala malo atsopano otchuka. Chifukwa cha kuchuluka kwa kufunika kwa chilengedwe, zinthu zoyera za alumina micro-powder zomwe zilibe zitsulo zolemera, fumbi lochepa, komanso zosavuta kubwezeretsanso zikulandiridwa kwambiri. Opanga ena apanga njira zopukutira zosungunuka m'madzi kuti achepetse kugwiritsa ntchito zinthu zachilengedwe.