Tikamalankhula za ndege, zomwe zimabwera m'maganizo mwathu zingakhale maroketi amphamvu, ndege zankhondo zouluka, kapena kuyenda mumlengalenga kwa oyenda mumlengalenga. Koma mwina simungazindikire kuti kumbuyo kwa chipangizochi chamakono, ufa wofiirira umagwira ntchito yofunika kwambiri -alumina wofiirira wosakanikiranaUfa waung'ono. Dzinali lingamveke ngati losafunika kwenikweni, koma musanyoze. Alumina yofiirira yosakanikirana ndi mtundu wa chinthu chomwe timachitcha kuti "emery," chokhala ndi kuuma kwachiwiri pambuyo pa diamondi, koma pamtengo wotsika kwambiri. Kale, chinkagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri popera zitsulo pamawilo opera ndi sandpaper, zomwe zimagwira ntchito ngati ntchito yothandiza kwambiri m'mafakitale. Koma chinthu chosavuta komanso chopanda ulemu ichi tsopano chikupereka zopereka zodabwitsa pa gawo la "ukadaulo wapamwamba" wa ndege.
Kusintha Kwakukulu Kuchokera ku "Grindstone" Kupita ku "Chishango Choteteza"
Zipangizo zamlengalenga zimaika patsogolo "kupepuka" ndi "mphamvu." Mapiko amafunika kukhala opepuka kuti awuluke mmwamba kwambiri; fuselage iyenera kukhala yolimba kuti ipirire kuzizira kwambiri pamalo okwera, kukangana kwakukulu poswa chotchinga cha mawu, komanso kutentha koopsa mkati mwa injini. Izi zimapangitsa kuti zinthuzo zikhale zovuta kwambiri. Apa ndi pomweufa wofiirira wa alumina wosakanikiranaakubwera. Mainjiniya adapeza kuti pogwiritsa ntchito ukadaulo wopopera mwachangu kwambiri kuti "alumikize" ufa wozizirawu pazinthu zofunika monga masamba a turbine ndi makoma a chipinda choyaka moto, amatha kupanga "chida cha ceramic" chomwe ndi chopyapyala kuposa msomali koma cholimba kwambiri. Ngakhale kuti ndi chopyapyala, choteteza ichi chimawonjezera moyo wa masambawo kangapo pansi pa mpweya wotentha kwambiri wa madigiri 1600 Celsius. "Zili ngati kupatsa mtima wa injini 'jekete losagonjetseka zipolopolo'," mainjiniya wakale yemwe wagwira ntchito mufakitale ya injini kwa zaka makumi awiri anafotokoza. "Kale, masambawo ankayenera kusinthidwa pambuyo pa nthawi inayake yogwiritsidwa ntchito, koma tsopano amatha kukhala nthawi yayitali, mwachilengedwe akuwonjezera kudalirika komanso kugwira ntchito bwino kwa ndege."
Mapulogalamu Osiyanasiyana, Kuyambira Kumwamba Kupita Pansi
Mphamvu ya ufa wa alumina wopangidwa ndi bulauni imaposa injini zokha.
Tiyeni tiyambe ndi ndege. Ndege zamakono zonyamula anthu ndi ndege zankhondo zimagwiritsa ntchito kwambiri zinthu zopangidwa ndi zinthu zosiyanasiyana, monga ulusi wa kaboni. Zinthuzi ndi zopepuka komanso zolimba, koma zili ndi vuto: malo omwe zinthu zosiyanasiyana zimagwirizanitsidwa amakhala ndi vuto logawanika. Yankho lake ndi chiyani? Malo olumikizirana asanalumikizidwe, malo olumikiziranawo "amaphwanyidwa" pogwiritsa ntchito slurry yothamanga kwambiri yokhala ndi ufa wa alumina wofiirira. Izi sizongophwanyidwa chabe; zimapanga mfundo zambiri zomangira pamlingo wa microscopic, zomwe zimathandiza guluu "kugwira" mwamphamvu. Chithandizochi chimathandizira kukana kutopa kwa kulumikizana kwa mapiko ndi fuselage ndi zoposa 30%.
Tsopano ganizirani za mlengalenga. Pamene maroketi akudutsa mumlengalenga, mphuno ndi m'mphepete mwa mapiko zimakumana ndi vuto la "kuwononga koopsa." Apa, ufa wa alumina wofiirira womwe umasakanikirana umatsimikizira kufunika kwake mwanjira ina - umagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati tinthu tolimbitsa pakatikati pokonzekera zophimba zotsutsana ndi okosijeni. Powonjezerapo ku zophimba zapadera za ceramic ndikuzipopera pamwamba pa zinthu zosatentha, filimuyi imapanga gawo lolimba la okosijeni pa kutentha kwakukulu, zomwe zimaletsa kulowa kwa okosijeni pambuyo pake ndikuteteza zinthu zamkati kuti zisawonongeke. Popanda izi, zombo zambiri zobwerera mumlengalenga mwina "sizingathe kuzindikirika."
Kupezeka kwake kungapezekenso pa ma satellite ndi malo osungira zinthu zakuthambo. Ma bearing ndi ziwalo zoyenda za zida zina zolondola zimafunika kuti zigwire ntchito modalirika kwa nthawi yayitali mu vacuum komanso kutentha kochepa kwambiri kwa mlengalenga. Ma bearing a ceramic opukutidwa bwino ndi ufa wa alumina wofiirira ali ndi coefficient yochepa kwambiri ya kukangana ndipo sapanga zinyalala zosweka, zomwe zimakhala "chitsimikizo" chomwe chimatsimikizira kuti zigawozi zikugwira ntchito bwino kwa zaka khumi kapena makumi awiri mumlengalenga.
"Zinthu Zakale" Zimakumana ndi Mavuto a "Nzeru Yatsopano"
Zachidziwikire, kugwiritsa ntchito "zinthu zakale" izi m'malo ovuta kwambiri amlengalenga sikophweka monga kungobweretsa zinthu zonyamulira kuchokera ku fakitale. Pali zovuta zambiri zomwe zimakhudzidwa.
Vuto lalikulu ndi "kuyera" ndi "kufanana." Ufa wofiirira wa alumina wosakanikirana womwe umafunika kuti ugwiritsidwe ntchitomapulogalamu a ndegeiyenera kukhala yoyera kwambiri, yopanda zodetsa konse, chifukwa chinthu chilichonse chosafunikira chingakhale poyambira ming'alu pakakhala kupsinjika kwakukulu kapena kutentha kwambiri. Kuphatikiza apo, kukula kwa tinthu ndi mawonekedwe ake ziyenera kukhala zofanana kwambiri; apo ayi, chophimbacho chidzakhala ndi zofooka. "Izi zili ngati kupanga keke yapamwamba kwambiri; simukusowa zosakaniza zabwino zokha, komanso ufa uyenera kusefedwa bwino kwambiri komanso mofanana," adatero mainjiniya wowongolera khalidwe la zipangizo. "Njira yathu yoyeretsera ndi kuyeretsa ndi yovuta kwambiri kuposa zofunikira za khitchini ya hotelo ya nyenyezi zisanu."
Kuphatikiza apo, momwe "mungayikire" ufa uwu pazigawozo ndi sayansi yovuta. Ukadaulo wapamwamba kwambiri pakadali pano ndi kupopera moto wa supersonic, komwe kumalola tinthu tating'onoting'ono ta ufa kuti tigwire gawo lapansi kangapo kuposa liwiro la phokoso, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti mgwirizano wolimba komanso utoto ukhale wokhuthala.
Tsogolo la thambo limafuna "mphamvu" yamtunduwu.
Pamene ukadaulo wa ndege ukupita patsogolo kufika pa malire okwera, othamanga, komanso akutali, kufunikira kwa zipangizo kudzangokulirakulira. Ndege zothamanga kwambiri, zombo zogwiritsidwanso ntchito, zofufuzira zakuthambo zakuthambo ... nyenyezi zamtsogolo zonsezi zimadalira chitetezo champhamvu.
Kukula kwaufa wa brown corundum micro-ufaikupitanso ku njira yanzeru komanso yophatikizana. Mwachitsanzo, asayansi akuyesera "kuigwiritsa ntchito" ndi zinthu zina, kapena kuiphatikiza ndi zinthu zatsopano monga graphene. Cholinga chake si kukana kutentha kwambiri kokha, komanso kuthekera kozindikira kuwonongeka mwanzeru komanso kudzikonza pa kutentha kwina. Mbadwo wotsatira wa injini za aero ndi makina oteteza kutentha kwa ndege zam'mlengalenga mwina udzagwiritsa ntchito mtundu uwu wa utoto wolimbikitsidwa ndi "nzeru".
Nkhani ya ufa wa corundum wofiirira ndi mtundu wa ufa wopangidwa ndi zinthu zambiri za mafakitale aku China: wobadwa kuchokera kuzinthu zosauka, koma ukupeza ntchito yosasinthika kudzera muukadaulo wopitilira. Sizingakhale zokongola ngati titaniyamu, kapena zapamwamba ngati ulusi wa kaboni, koma ndi "mphamvu" yachete iyi, yomwe imachirikiza maloto a anthu othawa, kudutsa mlengalenga ndikukwera m'mlengalenga kutali kwambiri.
Tikayang'ana thambo lodzaza ndi nyenyezi ndi kusangalala ndi kuyambitsidwa kulikonse kopambana, mwina tingakumbukire kuti pansi pa kuwala kowala kwachitsuloko, pali tinthu tating'onoting'ono tosawerengeka tofiirira tomwe timawala mwakachetechete mphamvu zawo zofunika kwambiri.