Ponena za kupukuta mchenga, akatswiri odziwa bwino ntchito imeneyi amadziwa kuti ndi "ntchito yolondola" pokonza pamwamba. Makamaka pogwiritsa ntchitoalumina woyera wosakanikiranaPopeza ndi yolimba, imafuna luso komanso chidziwitso. Kwa zaka zambiri, ndikugwira ntchito mu workshop, ndawona antchito ambiri atsopano akuvutika ndi njirayi, zomwe zandipangitsa kuzindikira kuti makampani athu amafunikiradi njira yogwirira ntchito yokhazikika. Lero, ndikugawana zomwe ndakumana nazo zaka zambiri ndikukambirana za zovuta za kuphulika kwa mchenga woyera wopangidwa ndi alumina.
I. Kukonzekera: Kunola Nkhwangwa Musanadule Matabwa
Kukonzekera bwino kumapangitsa kuti ntchito yophulitsa mchenga ikhale yosavuta. Alumina yoyera yophwanyidwa ndi chinthu cholimba komanso cholimba, koma sichingagwiritsidwe ntchito mosasamala. Choyamba, chinthucho chiyenera kuyang'aniridwa mosamala. Tsegulani thumba lolongedza ndikutenga kachidutswa kakang'ono kuti mukayang'ane. Tinthu ta alumina toyera tophwanyidwa bwino kwambiri tiyenera kukhala tofanana, tokhala ndi mtundu woyera, wowonekera pang'ono, komanso topanda zodetsa zoonekeratu. Ngati mtundu wake ndi wa imvi kapena kukula kwa tinthu sikufanana, pali vuto ndi gulu la zinthuzo. Kuyang'ana zida ndikofunikiranso. Gauge ya mpweya wa compressor iyenera kukhala mkati mwa 0.6-0.8 MPa. Kupanikizika kosakhazikika kumabweretsa kuphulika kosagwirizana, monga dzanja logwedezeka popaka utoto. Nozzle yopopera imafuna chisamaliro chapadera; ndi zinthu zolimba monga alumina yoyera yophwanyidwa, kuphulika kwa nozzle kumathamanga kwambiri kuposa ndi zinthu zina. Nthawi zambiri ndimalimbikitsa kuyang'ana maola 40 aliwonse ogwira ntchito, ndikusinthira ngati kuphwanyidwako kukupitirira gawo limodzi mwa magawo khumi a m'mimba mwake wamkati.
Njira zodzitetezera ndizofunikira kwambiri pa chitetezo, osati kungodzionetsera. Zovala zonse zodzitetezera, magalasi oteteza, ndi chigoba cha fumbi ndizofunikira kwambiri. Ndaona antchito achichepere akuyesera kusunga nthawi posavala magalasi oteteza, ndipo tinthu ta mchenga tomwe timabwerera m'maso mwawo tinatsala pang'ono kuwagunda. Chimodzi mwa zinthu zoterezi ndi choopsa kwambiri.
II. Njira Yogwirira Ntchito: Kulondola Pa Gawo Lililonse
Kukhazikitsa kwa magawo ndi "nyenyezi yotsogolera" pakuphulika kwa mchenga. Kusankha kwamchere woyera wa corundumKukula kwake kumadalira zofunikira za workpiece - grit yolimba (20-40 mesh) ndi yoyenera kuchotsa skeli yokhuthala ya oxide, grit yapakati (60-80 mesh) ndi yoyenera kutsukidwa pamwamba, ndipo grit yopyapyala (100 mesh ndi kupitirira apo) ndi yoyenera kugwiritsidwa ntchito pazinthu zolondola. Ngodya ndi mtunda ndizofunikiranso: mfuti yopopera ndi malo ogwirira ntchito ayenera kukhala pa ngodya ya madigiri 60-80, ndipo mtunda uyenera kukhala pakati pa mamilimita 150-300. Ngati mtunda uwu suyendetsedwa bwino, mphamvu yake idzakhala yochepa, kapena malo ogwirira ntchito adzawonongeka.
Njira yophulitsira mchenga imadalira luso lonse. Ndikamaphunzitsa ophunzira anga, nthawi zambiri ndimanena kuti, “Sungani dzanja lanu kukhala losinthasintha ndipo liziyenda mofanana.” Mfuti yopopera siyenera kukhala pamalo amodzi; iyenera kusunthidwa mozungulira mofanana, monga kupenta. Malo olumikizana ayenera kulamulidwa pafupifupi gawo limodzi mwa magawo atatu kuti mupewe “mikwingwirima” yosagwirizana. Pa zinthu zovuta zogwirira ntchito, choyamba muyenera kukonza m'mphepete, mipata, ndi madera ena ovuta, kenako kukonza malo akuluakulu athyathyathya. Ngati dongosololi lasinthidwa, zotsatira za chithandizo m'mphepete zidzasokonekera. Kuwongolera khalidwe kumadalira kuwona ndi luso. Kodi kuphulitsa kokwanira ndi kotani? Izi zimadalira zinthu zogwirira ntchito ndi zofunikira pakuchiza. Kuti muchotse dzimbiri la kapangidwe ka chitsulo, muyenera kuwona chitsulo chopanda kanthu; ngati mukufuna kuwonjezera kumatira kwa chophimba, kukhuthala kofanana kwa pamwamba ndikokwanira. Ndili ndi njira yosavuta: mutaphulitsa, gwirani pamwamba ndi dzanja lanu. Ngati kumveka ngati kutha kofanana kopanda mawanga aliwonse ovuta kapena osalala, ndiye kuti ntchitoyi imaonedwa kuti ndi yoyenerera.
III. Malangizo Oyenera Kutengera Zomwe Mukudziwa
Pali madera angapo komwe mavuto amatha kuchitika makamaka ndikuphulika kwa mchenga woyera wa corundum, ndipo ndikufunika kuzigogomezera. Choyamba ndi kulamulira fumbi. Fumbi lopangidwa ndi corundum yoyera ndi labwino kwambiri ndipo limakhala loyimitsidwa kwa nthawi yayitali. Mpweya wolowera m'malo ogwirira ntchito uyenera kukhala wabwino, ndipo zida zosonkhanitsira fumbi ziyenera kugwira ntchito bwino. Ndawona mafakitale ang'onoang'ono omwe amayatsa ndi kuzimitsa zosonkhanitsira fumbi kuti asunge magetsi, zomwe zimawonjezera chiopsezo cha ogwira ntchito kudwala pneumoconiosis. Izi zimasunga ndalama zochepa koma zimawononga miyoyo. Kachiwiri, kubwezeretsanso zinthu. Corundum yoyera si yotsika mtengo, choncho bwerezaninso momwe mungathere. Komabe, dziwani kuti corundum yoyera yobwezeretsedwanso iyenera kusefedwa kuti ichotse ufa wabwino ndi zinyalala, kenako nkusakanizidwa ndi zinthu zatsopano molingana ndi momwe ziyenera kukhalira. Kugwiritsa ntchito zinthu zobwezerezedwanso zokha sikubweretsa zotsatira zabwino, pomwe kugwiritsa ntchito zinthu zatsopano zokha ndikokwera mtengo kwambiri. Chiŵerengero cha pafupifupi 3:7 (zipangizo zatsopano ndi zakale) nthawi zambiri chimaonedwa kuti ndi chabwino.
Kukonza zida nthawi zambiri kumanyalanyazidwa. Pambuyo pa ntchito ya tsiku lililonse, zinthu zotsala zomwe zili mu makina opukutira mchenga ziyenera kuchotsedwa, makamaka nyengo yamvula, chifukwa corundum yoyera imakonda kusonkhana pamodzi. Mapaipi ayenera kufufuzidwa nthawi zonse kuti awone ngati akuwonongeka kapena akutuluka. Kunyalanyaza zinthu zazing'onozi kungayambitse mavuto akuluakulu a zida, zomwe zimayambitsa kuchedwa kupanga komanso ndalama zambiri zokonzera.
IV. Malingaliro Anga
Pambuyo pa zaka zambiri ndikuchita ntchito yokonza mchenga, ndikukhulupirira kuti kukhazikika sikutanthauza kusintha anthu kukhala makina, koma kungopereka chidziwitso chamtengo wapatali. Wantchito aliyense wodziwa bwino ntchito ali ndi machenjerero ake ang'onoang'ono. Mwachitsanzo, ndikakonza mchenga makamaka mapepala opyapyala, ndimachepetsa mphamvu ndi 0.1 MPa; ndikagwira ntchito ndi aluminiyamu, ndimasunga mfuti yopopera pang'ono patali. Tsatanetsatane uwu sungalembedwe momveka bwino mu njira zogwirira ntchito, koma ndi wofunikira kwambiri kuti zitsimikizire kuti ndi wabwino.
Achinyamata omwe akuphunzira ukadaulo uwu sayenera kungodalira mabuku owerengera ndi njira zokumbukira; ayenera kuipitsa manja awo ndikuyang'anitsitsa mosamala. Nthawi zambiri ndimauza ophunzira anga kuti: “Mu kuphulitsa mchenga, mumafunika maso akuthwa, manja okhazikika, komanso malingaliro osamala.” Kuwona kusintha kwa pamwamba kukuphulitsidwa ndikumva kugwedezeka kwa mfuti yopopera - izi ndi zinthu zokumana nazo zomwe zimafuna nthawi kuti zisonkhanitsidwe.
Pomaliza, kukhazikika kwacorundum yoyeraNjira yophulitsira mchenga ikufuna kukweza khalidwe la zinthu ndikuonetsetsa kuti antchito ali otetezeka. Koma miyezo ndi yokhwima, pomwe anthu amatha kusintha. M'machitidwe, tiyenera kutsatira malangizo komanso kukhala osinthasintha. Ndikukhulupirira kuti zokumana nazo izi zithandiza aliyense, ndipo ndikulandira akatswiri anzanga kuti asinthane malingaliro ndikuthandizira kuti makampani athu akhale akatswiri.