Daimondi "yosema" ya laser: kugonjetsa zinthu zovuta kwambiri ndi kuwala
Daimondindi chinthu chovuta kwambiri m'chilengedwe, koma si zodzikongoletsera zokha. Chinthuchi chimakhala ndi mphamvu yotenthetsera kutentha kasanu kuposa mkuwa, chimatha kupirira kutentha kwambiri ndi kuwala kwa dzuwa, chimatha kutumiza kuwala, kuteteza kutentha, komanso chimatha kusinthidwa kukhala semiconductor. Komabe, ndi "mphamvu zazikulu" izi zomwe zimapangitsa diamondi kukhala chinthu "chovuta kwambiri" kuchigwiritsa ntchito - zida zachikhalidwe sizingathe kuzidula kapena kusiya ming'alu. Sizinali mpaka kubwera kwa ukadaulo wa laser pomwe anthu adapeza njira yogonjetsera "mfumu ya zinthu" iyi.
N’chifukwa chiyani laser “ingathe kudula” diamondi?
Tangoganizirani kugwiritsa ntchito galasi lokulitsa kuti liziwunikira kuwala kwa dzuwa kuti liyatse pepala. Mfundo yogwiritsira ntchito laser processing diamond ndi yofanana, koma yolondola kwambiri. Pamene laser dayamondi yamphamvu kwambiri ikuyatsa diamondi, "kusintha kwa atomu ya kaboni" ka microscopic kumachitika:
1. Daimondi imasanduka graphite: Mphamvu ya laser imasintha kapangidwe ka diamondi pamwamba (sp³) kukhala graphite yofewa (sp²), monga momwe diamondi imasinthira nthawi yomweyo kukhala pensulo.
2. Graphite "imasungunuka": gawo la graphite limasungunuka kutentha kwambiri kapena limadulidwa ndi mpweya, zomwe zimasiya zizindikiro zolondola zogwiritsira ntchito. 3. Kupambana kwakukulu: zolakwika Mu lingaliro, diamondi wangwiro amatha kukonzedwa ndi laser ya ultraviolet (mafunde <229 nm), koma kwenikweni, diamondi zopanga nthawi zonse zimakhala ndi zolakwika zazing'ono (monga zodetsedwa ndi malire a tirigu). Zolakwika izi zili ngati "mabowo" omwe amalola kuwala kobiriwira wamba (532 nm) kapena laser ya infrared (1064 nm) kuti ilowe. Asayansi amathanso "kulamula" laser kuti ipange mawonekedwe enaake pa diamondiyo powongolera kufalikira kwa zolakwika.
Mtundu wa laser: Kusintha kuchokera ku "ng'anjo" kupita ku "mpeni wa ayezi"
Kukonza kwa laser kumaphatikiza machitidwe owongolera manambala apakompyuta, machitidwe apamwamba a kuwala, ndi malo ogwirira ntchito olondola kwambiri komanso odziyimira pawokha kuti apange malo ofufuzira ndi kupanga. Pogwiritsa ntchito kukonza diamondi, imatha kupanga bwino komanso molondola kwambiri.
1. Kukonza kwa laser ya microsecond Utali wa pulse ya laser ya microsecond ndi waukulu ndipo nthawi zambiri umakhala woyenera kukonzedwa molakwika. Teknoloji yotseka mode isanayambe, ma pulse a laser anali ambiri mu microsecond ndi nanosecond range. Pakadali pano, pali malipoti ochepa okhudza kukonza diamondi mwachindunji ndi ma microsecond laser, ndipo ambiri a iwo amayang'ana kwambiri gawo la ntchito yokonza kumbuyo.
2. Kukonza laser ya nanosecond Ma laser a nanosecond pakadali pano ali ndi gawo lalikulu pamsika ndipo ali ndi ubwino wokhala ndi kukhazikika bwino, mtengo wotsika, komanso nthawi yochepa yokonza. Amagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri popanga mabizinesi. Komabe, njira yochotsera laser ya nanosecond imawononga kwambiri chitsanzocho, ndipo chiwonetsero chachikulu ndichakuti kukonzako kumapanga malo akuluakulu okhudzidwa ndi kutentha.
3. Kukonza laser ya Picosecond Kukonza laser ya Picosecond kuli pakati pa kuchotsedwa kwa kutentha kwa laser ya nanosecond ndi kukonza kozizira kwa laser ya femtosecond. Nthawi ya kugunda kwa mtima imachepetsedwa kwambiri, zomwe zimachepetsa kwambiri kuwonongeka komwe kumachitika chifukwa cha kutentha.
4. Kukonza laser ya Femtosecond Ukadaulo wa laser wofulumira kwambiri umabweretsa mwayi wokonza bwino diamondi, koma mtengo wokwera komanso wosamalira wa femtosecond lasers umalepheretsa kukwezedwa kwa njira zokonzera. Pakadali pano, kafukufuku wambiri wokhudzana ndi izi akadali mu gawo la labotale.
Mapeto
Kuyambira "kulephera kudula" mpaka "kusema mwakufuna", ukadaulo wa laser wapangadiamondi sikulinso "chotengera" chobisika mu labotale. Ndi kusinthasintha kwa ukadaulo, mtsogolomu tingaone: tchipisi ta diamondi tochotsa kutentha m'mafoni am'manja, makompyuta a quantum omwe amagwiritsa ntchito diamondi kusungira chidziwitso, komanso masensa a diamondi oyikidwa m'thupi la munthu ... Kuvina uku kwa kuwala ndi diamondi kukusintha miyoyo yathu.