Laser "kusema" diamondi: kugonjetsa zinthu zovuta kwambiri ndi kuwala
Diamondindi chinthu chovuta kwambiri m’chilengedwe, koma si zodzikongoletsera chabe. Nkhaniyi ili ndi matenthedwe matenthedwe kasanu kuposa mkuwa, imatha kupirira kutentha kwakukulu ndi cheza, imatha kufalitsa kuwala, kutsekereza, ndipo imatha kusinthidwa kukhala semiconductor. Komabe, ndi "mphamvu zazikulu" izi zomwe zimapangitsa diamondi kukhala "chovuta kwambiri" kukonza - zida zachikhalidwe mwina sizingadule kapena kusiya ming'alu. Sizinali mpaka pakubwera kwaukadaulo wa laser pomwe anthu adapeza chinsinsi chogonjetsera "mfumu ya zinthu" iyi.
Chifukwa chiyani laser imatha "kudula" diamondi?
Tangoganizani kugwiritsa ntchito galasi lokulitsa kuti muyang'ane kuwala kwa dzuwa kuti muyatse pepala. Mfundo ya laser processing diamondi ndi yofanana, koma yolondola kwambiri. Pamene mtengo wa laser wamphamvu kwambiri umatulutsa diamondi, "carbon atomu metamorphosis" ya microscopic imachitika:
1. Daimondi imasandulika graphite: Mphamvu ya laser imasintha mawonekedwe a diamondi pamwamba (sp³) kukhala graphite yofewa (sp²), monga ngati diamondi "imanyozeka" nthawi yomweyo kukhala chowongolera cha pensulo.
2. Graphite ndi "mphutsi": graphite wosanjikiza sublimates pa kutentha kwambiri kapena zimakhazikika ndi mpweya, kusiya zizindikiro zenizeni processing. 3. Kupambana kwakukulu: zolakwika Mwachidziwitso, diamondi yangwiro ikhoza kukonzedwa ndi ultraviolet laser (wavelength <229 nm), koma zenizeni, diamondi zopangira nthawi zonse zimakhala ndi zolakwika zazing'ono (monga zonyansa ndi malire a tirigu). Zolakwika izi zili ngati "mabowo" omwe amalola kuwala kobiriwira wamba (532 nm) kapena laser infrared (1064 nm) kuti amwe. Asayansi amathanso "kulamula" laser kuti ijambule mtundu wina wa diamondi powongolera kugawa kwachilema.
Mtundu wa laser: Chisinthiko kuchokera ku "ng'anjo" kupita ku "mpeni wa ayezi"
Kukonzekera kwa laser kumaphatikiza makina owongolera manambala apakompyuta, makina otsogola otsogola, ndi malo olondola kwambiri komanso odzichitira okha kuti apange malo opangira kafukufuku ndi kupanga. Ikagwiritsidwa ntchito pokonza diamondi, imatha kukwaniritsa bwino komanso yolondola kwambiri.
1. Microsecond laser processing Microsecond laser kugunda m'lifupi ndi lonse ndipo nthawi zambiri oyenera processing akhakula. Kusanayambike kwaukadaulo wotseka mode, ma pulse a laser anali makamaka mumtundu wa microsecond ndi nanosecond. Pakadali pano, pali malipoti ochepa okhudza kukonza kwa diamondi mwachindunji ndi ma lasers a microsecond, ndipo ambiri amayang'ana gawo lakumbuyo lakumbuyo.
2. Nanosecond laser processing Nanosecond lasers panopa ali ndi gawo lalikulu la msika ndipo ali ndi ubwino wokhazikika bwino, mtengo wotsika, ndi nthawi yochepa yokonza. Amagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri popanga mabizinesi. Komabe, njira ya nanosecond laser ablation ndiyowononga kwambiri chitsanzocho, ndipo mawonetseredwe a macroscopic ndikuti kukonzaku kumapanga gawo lalikulu lokhudzidwa ndi kutentha.
3. Picosecond laser processing Picosecond laser processing ili pakati pa nanosecond laser thermal equilibrium ablation and femtosecond laser cold processing. Kutalika kwa pulse kumachepetsedwa kwambiri, zomwe zimachepetsa kwambiri kuwonongeka kwa malo omwe amakhudzidwa ndi kutentha.
4. Femtosecond laser processing Ultrafast laser teknoloji imabweretsa mipata ya diamondi yabwino processing, koma kukwera mtengo ndi kukonza mtengo wa lasers femtosecond kuchepetsa Kukwezeleza njira processing. Pakalipano, kafukufuku wokhudzana ndi zambiri akadali mu gawo la labotale.
Mapeto
Kuchokera ku "osakhoza kudula" mpaka "kusema mwakufuna", teknoloji ya laser yapangadiamondi sikulinso “mphika” wotsekeredwa mu labotale. Ndi kuwonjezereka kwa luso lamakono, m'tsogolomu tidzatha kuona: tchipisi ta diamondi tikuyatsa kutentha m'mafoni a m'manja, makompyuta ochuluka omwe amagwiritsa ntchito diamondi kusunga zidziwitso, ngakhalenso zida za diamondi zoikidwa m'thupi la munthu… Kuvina kwa kuwala ndi diamondi uku kukusintha miyoyo yathu.