Chiyambi cha zinthu zakuda za silicon ndi momwe zimagwiritsidwira ntchito popaka mchenga
Silikoni wakudandi chinthu chogwira ntchito cha silicon chomwe chili ndi kapangidwe kake kapadera pamwamba, chotchedwa chifukwa cha mphamvu yake yoyamwa kuwala kwambiri komanso mawonekedwe ake apadera a micro-nano surface. M'zaka zaposachedwa, chifukwa cha kulondola kwa kuchiza pamwamba komanso zofunikira pakugwira ntchito kwa zinthu popanga zinthu zapamwamba, silicon yakuda yakhala ikugwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri mu photovoltaics, optoelectronics, semiconductors, opanga zinthu zowunikira ndi madera ena okhala ndi mphamvu zake zabwino kwambiri zakuthupi ndi zamankhwala. Nthawi yomweyo, silicon yakuda yalowa pang'onopang'ono mumakampani opanga mchenga pamwamba ndipo yakhala mtundu watsopano wa zinthu zopangira mchenga zomwe zimagwira ntchito bwino kwambiri.
Ⅰ. Makhalidwe oyambira a silikoni wakuda
Silikoni wakuda amapangidwa pokonza pamwamba pa silicon pogwiritsa ntchito njira zosiyanasiyana zopangira kapangidwe ka micro-nano (monga kupopera kwa ion, kupopera kwa mankhwala othandizidwa ndi zitsulo, kupopera kwa laser, ndi zina zotero). Pamwamba pake pali koni yolimba kapena kapangidwe ka columnar, komwe kungachepetse kwambiri kupopera kwa kuwala. Kupopera kwa kuwala komwe kumaonekera mpaka pafupi ndi infrared kungakhale kochepera 1%, kotero kumakhala kofiira kwambiri.
Silikoni wakuda sikuti imangokhala ndi mphamvu zabwino kwambiri zowunikira, komanso ili ndi ubwino wa kuuma kwambiri, kuyera kwambiri, kukana kuwonongeka, komanso kukana dzimbiri. Kapangidwe ka tinthu tating'onoting'ono ndi kolimba ndipo ndi koyenera kugwiritsidwa ntchito nthawi zambiri pansi pa mikhalidwe yothamanga kwambiri. Imagwira ntchito bwino pophulitsa mchenga kuposa zinthu zachikhalidwe monga corundum yoyera, corundum yofiirira, mchenga wa quartz, ndi zina zotero.
Ⅱ. Ubwino wa silikoni wakuda pakuphulika kwa mchenga
Kupukuta mchenga ndi njira yochizira pamwamba yomwe imagwiritsa ntchito madzi othamanga kwambiri kuti ikhudze pamwamba kuti ikwaniritse kuyeretsa, kuchotsa oxide layer, roughening kapena zotsatira zokongoletsa. Monga chotsukira chapamwamba kwambiri, silicon wakuda ili ndi ubwino woonekeratu pankhani yopukuta mchenga:
1. Zabwino komanso zofanana pamwamba
Kapangidwe ka tinthu tating'onoting'ono ta silicon wakuda ndi kokhazikika ndipo mawonekedwe ake amakhala okhazikika. Pambuyo popopera, imatha kupanga mawonekedwe ofanana komanso ofanana pamwamba pa chinthu chogwirira ntchito. Mphamvu yochizira iyi ndi yoyenera kwambiri pazinthu monga magalasi owoneka bwino, nyumba ya lens, zida za aluminiyamu, ndi zina zotero zomwe zimafunikira kwambiri kuti pamwamba pake pakhale mawonekedwe abwino komanso ogwirizana.
2. Kuuma kwambiri komanso kukana kukhudzidwa
Kulimba kwa Mohs kwa silicon wakuda kumakhala kokwera kufika pa 8.5 kapena kupitirira apo, kuchuluka kwa kusweka kwa mchenga kumakhala kochepa, ndipo nthawi yogwira ntchito ndi yayitali. Poyerekeza ndi mchenga wamba wa quartz kapena mikanda yagalasi, kuphulika kwa mchenga wakuda wa silicon kumakhala kothandiza kwambiri ndipo kumakhala ndi mphamvu yogwira ntchito, ndipo kumatha kumaliza kuyeretsa kwambiri ndi kupukuta m'kanthawi kochepa.
3. Kuyera kwambiri komanso kuteteza chilengedwe
Kuyera kwa silicon wakuda nthawi zambiri kumakhala kopitirira 99%, ndipo kulibe zinthu zodetsa monga silicon yaulere kapena zitsulo zolemera. Ili ndi fumbi lochepa m'malo ochitira masewera olimbitsa mchenga ndipo ndi yoyenera kugwiritsidwa ntchito m'mafakitale aukhondo kwambiri monga zida zamagetsi, zida zamankhwala, ndi ma CD a semiconductor. Nthawi yomweyo, mawonekedwe ake a tinthu tating'onoting'ono ndi okhazikika, kupanga fumbi ndi kochepa, ndipo ndi kotetezeka kwa thanzi la ogwiritsa ntchito.
4. Yogwiritsidwanso ntchito komanso yotsika mtengo
Chifukwa cha kuuma kwake kwakukulu komanso kukhazikika kwa kapangidwe kake, silicon wakuda imathabe kukhala ndi mphamvu yabwino yopopera pambuyo pa maulendo angapo, zomwe zimachepetsa kwambiri kutayika kwa zinthu. Mu zida zazikulu zopopera mchenga zokha, silicon wakuda imasonyeza bwino ndalama.
Ⅲ. Malo ogwiritsira ntchito wamba
Zopopera zakuda za silicon sandblasting zakhala zikugwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri m'magawo otsatirawa:
Chithandizo chapamwamba cha matte cha hardware: monga chimango chapakati cha foni yam'manja chapamwamba, chipolopolo cha notebook, chipolopolo cha wotchi yanzeru ndi zinthu zina zopangidwa ndi aluminiyamu;
Chithandizo cha glaze ya kuwala: chogwiritsidwa ntchito pa lens, fyuluta, matte a mawindo ndi zokongoletsera;
Zida zapamlengalenga ndi zankhondo: chotsani wosanjikiza wa oxide popanda kusintha kukula kuti muwongolere kumatirira kwa kuvala;
Kupaka pamwamba pa phukusi lamagetsi: kukonza kulondola kwa phukusi ndi kumamatira kwa mawonekedwe;
Kupukuta mchenga pang'ono ndi zinthu zopangidwa ndi ceramic ndi composite: kukonza pamwamba kuti pakhale mphamvu yolumikizana.
Chidule cha Ⅳ
Popeza ukadaulo wophulitsa mchenga ukupitilizabe kukula komanso makampani opanga zinthu akupita patsogolo kwambiri komanso kuteteza chilengedwe, zipangizo zachikhalidwe zophulitsa mchenga sizingakwaniritse zosowa za njira zapamwamba kwambiri. Silikoni wakuda, monga chogwirira ntchito cholimba komanso cholimba kwambiri, chowunikira pang'ono, choyera kwambiri komanso choteteza chilengedwe, chikukhala chinthu chofunikira kwambiri pamakampani opanga mchenga. Kaya ndi opanga zinthu molondola, optical matte, kapena pokonza zida zamagetsi, kukonza zida zam'mlengalenga ndi zina, silikoni wakuda wasonyeza mwayi wogwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri.