Kodi kusankha bwino akupera mikanda chonyowa akupera?
Mu chonyowa akupera ndondomeko, kusankhakugaya mikandachikugwirizana mwachindunji ndi komaliza akupera dzuwa, mankhwala khalidwe ndi moyo zida. Kaya ndi zokutira, inki, phala lamagetsi kapena mafakitale a biomedicine, kusankha mikanda yoyenera yopera ndikofunikira. Nkhaniyi ikuthandizani kuti musankhe mwasayansi kuchokera kumakona angapo kuti mukwaniritse zotsatira zabwino komanso zokhazikika zogaya.
1. Fotokozani cholinga chopera
Musanasankhe mikanda yopera, choyamba muyenera kufotokozera cholinga chachikulu cha ndondomeko yopera. Tinthu kukula zofunika ndi chimodzi mwa mfundo zofunika: ngati mankhwala amafuna submicron kapena ngakhale nanometer tinthu kukula, ang'onoang'ono tinthu kukula akupera mikanda chofunika kupereka zokwanira kukameta ubweya mphamvu ndi kachulukidwe mphamvu tikwaniritse apamwamba akupera dzuwa. Kuphatikiza apo, kuuma kwa zinthuzo kudzakhudzanso kusankha kwa zinthu za mkanda. Mwachitsanzo, zida zolimba kwambiri zidzawonjezera kuvala kwa mikanda panthawi yopera, choncho nthawi zambiri zimakhala zofunikira kusankha mikanda yokhala ndi mphamvu zambiri komanso kuvala kukana mongazirconium oxide; pazida zofewa, mikanda yagalasi yotsika mtengo kapena mikanda ya alumina imatha kusankhidwa. Chinthu chinanso chomwe chiyenera kuganiziridwa ndi kukhudzika kwa chinthucho, makamaka pamagwiritsidwe omwe ali ndi zofunikira zaukhondo monga mankhwala, mankhwala achilengedwe, ndi slurries zamagetsi. Kusamuka kwachitsulo kapena kufufuza zonyansa panthawi yopera kungakhudze momwe zinthu zikuyendera. Pankhaniyi, mikanda yopanda chitsulo yokhala ndi kutsika kochepa komanso kukhazikika kwamphamvu kwamankhwala iyenera kukhala yabwino, monga zirconium oxide yapamwamba kwambiri kapena mikanda ya aluminium oxide, kuonetsetsa chitetezo chazinthu komanso kusasinthika.
2. Sankhani zinthu za mkanda potengera kuyanjana kwa mankhwala ndi kukana kuvala
Zopangira mkanda ziyenera kukhala ndi kukhazikika kwamankhwala komanso makina. Zotsatirazi ndi mawonekedwe ndi mawonekedwe ogwiritsira ntchito zida zingapo zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri:
Mikanda yazinthu zosiyanasiyana ili ndi zabwino zake, zomwe ziyenera kuganiziridwa mozama kuphatikiza ndi zinthu zanu zakuthupi ndi kuyika kwazinthu.
3. Kusankha koyenera kwa kukula kwa mikanda ndi kugawa kwa tinthu
Kukula ndi kugawa kwakugaya mikandaali ndi chidwi kwambiri pa kugaya:
Small tinthu kukula (<0.3mm) ali lalikulu padziko m'dera ndi mkulu kugunda pafupipafupi, amene ali oyenera zithunzi kuti amatsatira kwambiri zabwino tinthu kukula;
Kukula kwakukulu kwa tinthu (> 0.6mm) kumakhala ndi mphamvu yolimba kwambiri ndipo ndi yoyenera kukupera kowawa kapena kupangira zinthu zokulirapo;
Mu ntchito zina zamakampani, kugwiritsa ntchito kosakanikirana kwa mikanda yayikulu ndi yaying'ono kumatha kupanga malo ogwirizana kwambiri akupera, omwe amathandizira kupititsa patsogolo magwiridwe antchito komanso kufananizidwa kwa tinthu tating'onoting'ono.
Pogwira ntchito zenizeni, kuwongolera kwasayansi pakugawa kukula kwa mikanda kumakhala kopindulitsa kuposa kukula kwa tinthu kamodzi.
4. Samalani ndi zotsatira za kachulukidwe ka mikanda pa kugaya mwamphamvu
Kuchulukana kwa mikanda yopera kumatsimikizira mphamvu yake komanso mphamvu yakupera:
Mikanda yochuluka kwambiri (> 5.5g/cm³) imakhala ndi mphamvu yogwira mwamphamvu, yomwe imathandiza kuthyola zinthu zolimba mwamsanga ndipo nthawi zambiri amagwiritsidwa ntchito pogaya zinthu zopanda organic;
Mikanda yotsika kwambiri (2.5-4.0g/cm³) imakhala ndi mphamvu yofewa, yomwe ili yoyenera kuzinthu zosalimba komanso zosamva kutentha, ndipo imatha kuchepetsa kutenthedwa ndi kumeta ubweya pakupera.
Kusankha kachulukidwe sikumangokhudza magwiridwe antchito, komanso kugwiritsa ntchito mphamvu komanso kuwongolera kutentha, ndipo kuyenera kukonzedwa bwino mogwirizana ndi magawo a zida.
5. Kuletsa kuopsa kwa kuipitsa
Kuwongolera kuipitsidwa ndi chimodzi mwazinthu zofunika kwambiri pakugaya konyowa, makamaka m'makampani opanga mankhwala, chakudya, ndi zamagetsi. Zida zina za mikanda, monga mikanda yachitsulo ndi zoumba, zimatha kutulutsa zitsulo kapena zinthu zosayembekezereka, zomwe zimayambitsa kuipitsidwa kwazinthu. Pakadali pano,galasi mikanda, zirconias mikanda, kapena zida za ceramic zoyera kwambiri ziyenera kuperekedwa patsogolo kuti zitsimikizire ukhondo wa dongosolo.
6. Kuganizira mozama za mtengo ndi moyo
Mtengo wa zipangizo zosiyanasiyana za mikanda umasiyana kwambiri, ndipo moyo wautumiki ndi mtengo wokonza ndi wosiyana:
Ngakhale kuti mtengo wogula woyamba wa mikanda yapamwamba kwambiri ndi yapamwamba, imakhala ndi moyo wautali wautumiki, imachepetsa nthawi yosinthira m'malo ndi zida zowonongeka, ndipo imakhala yotsika mtengo kwambiri;
Mikanda yotsika mtengo imakhala ndi ndalama zochepa zoyambira, koma ngati imasinthidwa pafupipafupi kapena kuvala mosavuta, ndalama zonse zogwirira ntchito zidzakwera.
Ndibwino kuti muphatikize momwe zinthu ziliri pakampaniyo, kuwunika kuchuluka kwa mavalidwe azinthu, kugwiritsa ntchito mphamvu, ndikusintha kotulutsa, ndikupanga chisankho chopanda ndalama.
7. Kuyesedwa kwapang'ono pang'ono ndi kukhathamiritsa kwa parameter
Mukasankha zinthu za mikanda, tikulimbikitsidwa kuchita zotsimikizira zoyeserera zazing'ono. Yesani kukwaniritsa kukula kwa tinthu tating'ono, nthawi yopera, kusasinthika kwazinthu, komanso ngati pali zopangira.
Zotsatira zoyeserera zitha kugwiritsidwa ntchito kusintha magawo ofunikira monga liwiro lozungulira, kudzaza mikanda, nthawi yopera, ndi zina zambiri kuti zitsimikizire kuti zotsatira zomaliza zopanga misa zikukwaniritsa miyezo.
Kutsiliza: Ngakhale mikanda yoperayo ndi yaying'ono, imatsimikizira momwe ntchitoyo ikuyendera, mtundu wazinthu komanso phindu lachuma lakupera konyowa. Kusankhidwa kwa sayansi kuyenera kuganizira zomwe mukufuna, mawonekedwe azinthu, kufanana kwa zida ndi kuwongolera mtengo. Kupyolera mu kuyezetsa koyambirira kokwanira ndi kukhathamiritsa kwa magawo, sikuti kugaya koyenera kungakwaniritsidwe, komanso kukhazikika kwa kupanga ndi kupikisana kwazinthu kungathe kusintha kwambiri.