Aliyense amene wagwirapo ntchito m'mafakitale opangira zinthu zopopera, zokopera, kapena zoumbaumba amadziwa zimenezokabide wobiriwira wa silikoniUfa wa micropowder ndi wovuta kwambiri kugwiritsa ntchito. Chida ichi, chomwe chili ndi kuuma kofanana ndi kwa diamondi komanso kutentha kwabwino komanso magetsi, chimagwiritsidwa ntchito mwachilengedwe popera molondola, zinthu zopepuka kwambiri, komanso zinthu zapadera zadothi. Komabe, kungoganizira kuuma kwake sikokwanira kuti mugwiritse ntchito bwino - pali zambiri pa ufa wobiriwira wamba uwu kuposa momwe mungaganizire. Chinsinsi chake chili mu "kukula kwa tinthu tating'onoting'ono."
Akatswiri odziwa bwino ntchito zamagetsi nthawi zambiri amanena kuti, “Mukayang'ana chinthu, choyamba yang'anani ufa; mukayang'ana ufa, choyamba yang'anani tinthu tating'onoting'ono.” Izi ndi zoona. Kukula kwa tinthu tating'onoting'ono ta ufa wobiriwira wa silicon carbide kumatsimikiza mwachindunji ngati tidzakhala chuma champhamvu kapena chopinga chachikulu pakugwiritsa ntchito kwa zinthu zina. Lero, tifufuza momwe kukula kwa tinthu tating'onoting'ono kumeneku kumalamuliridwira komanso zovuta zaukadaulo zomwe zimakhudzidwa kuti tikwaniritse kulamulira kumeneku.
I. "Kupera" ndi "Kulekanitsa": "Njira Yopangira Opaleshoni" ya Micron-Level
Kuti mupeze zabwino kwambiriufa wobiriwira wa silicon carbide micropowder, gawo loyamba ndi "kuswa" makristalo akuluakulu obiriwira a silicon carbide. Izi si zophweka monga kuwaswa ndi nyundo, koma ndi njira yovuta yomwe imafuna kulondola kwambiri.
Njira yodziwika bwino ndi kuphwanya makina. Ngakhale ikumveka yovuta, imafuna kulamulira mosamala. Mafakitale a mpira ndi "malo ophunzitsira" odziwika kwambiri, koma kugwiritsa ntchito mipira yachitsulo wamba kungayambitse kusayera kwachitsulo mosavuta. Njira zamakono tsopano zimagwiritsa ntchito zingwe za ceramic ndi mipira ya silicon carbide kapena zirconia yopukusira kuti zitsimikizire kuyera. Kupukuta mpira kokha sikokwanira; kuti mupeze ufa wofewa komanso wofanana, makamaka pamtunda wa sub-10 micrometer (µm), "kupukuta mpweya" kumagwiritsidwa ntchito. Njirayi imagwiritsa ntchito mpweya wothamanga kwambiri kuti ipangitse tinthu kuti tigundane ndikusweka pang'onopang'ono, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti pasakhale kuipitsidwa pang'ono komanso kufalikira kwa tinthu tating'onoting'ono. Kupukuta konyowa kumayamba kugwira ntchito pamene ufa wosalala kwambiri (monga, pansi pa 1 µm) ukufunika. Zimaletsa bwino kusonkhana kwa ufa, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti matope azikhala bwino.
Komabe, "kuphwanya" kokha sikokwanira; ukadaulo weniweni uli mu "kugawa." Ufa wopangidwa ndi kuphwanya mosakayikira umasiyana kukula, ndipo cholinga chathu ndikusankha kukula komwe mukufuna. Izi zili ngati kusankha tinthu ta mchenga tokha tokhala ndi mainchesi 0.5 mpaka 0.6 kuchokera mu mulu wa mchenga. Makina ogawa mpweya wouma ndiwo omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri pakadali pano, pogwiritsa ntchito mphamvu ya centrifugal ndi aerodynamics kulekanitsa ufa wosalala ndi wosalala ndi mphamvu yayikulu komanso kutulutsa kwakukulu. Koma pali vuto: pamene ufawo umakhala wabwino mokwanira (mwachitsanzo, pansi pa ma micrometer angapo), tinthu timeneti timakonda kusonkhana pamodzi chifukwa cha mphamvu za van der Waals (agglomeration), zomwe zimapangitsa kuti zikhale zovuta kuti ogawa mpweya azilekanitse molondola kutengera kukula kwa tinthu tating'onoting'ono. Pankhaniyi, kugawa kwamadzi (monga kugawa kwa centrifugal sedimentation) nthawi zina kungakhale kothandiza, koma njirayi ndi yovuta ndipo mtengo wake umawonjezeka.
Kotero, mukuona, njira yonse yowongolera kukula kwa tinthu tating'onoting'ono kwenikweni ndi kulimbana kosalekeza pakati pa "kuphwanya" ndi "kugawa magulu." Kuphwanya cholinga cha tinthu tating'onoting'ono, koma tinthu tating'onoting'ono kwambiri timakhala ndi mwayi wosakanikirana, zomwe zimalepheretsa kugawa magulu; kugawa magulu cholinga chake ndi kulondola kwambiri, koma nthawi zambiri kumavutika ndi ufa wosalala wosakanikirana. Mainjiniya amathera nthawi yawo yambiri akulinganiza zosowa zotsutsanazi.
II. "Zopinga" ndi "Mayankho": Minga ndi Kuwala pa Njira Yowongolera Kukula kwa Tinthu
Kulamulira kukula kwa tinthu tating'onoting'ono ta silicon carbide yobiriwira modalirika kumafuna zambiri osati kungophwanya ndi kugawa. "Zopinga" zingapo zenizeni zimalepheretsa, ndipo popanda kuzithetsa, kuwongolera kolondola sikungatheke.
Chovuta choyamba ndi kutsutsa komwe kumachitika chifukwa cha "kuuma."Carbide wobiriwira wa siliconndi yovuta kwambiri, yomwe imafuna mphamvu zambiri kuti iphwanyidwe, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti zida zisawonongeke kwambiri. Pakuphwanyidwa bwino kwambiri, kuphwanyidwa kwa zida zopukusira ndi zoyikapo nyali kumabweretsa zinyalala zambiri. Zinyalala zimenezi zimasakanikirana ndi chinthucho, zomwe zimawononga chiyero chake. Kugwira ntchito mwakhama kwanu konse kolamulira kukula kwa tinthu tating'onoting'ono kumakhala kopanda phindu ngati kuchuluka kwa zinyalala kuli kwakukulu kwambiri. Pakadali pano, makampaniwa akupanga zinthu zopukusira ndi zoyikapo nyali zosawonongeka, ndikuwongolera kapangidwe ka zida, zonse kuti athane ndi "kambuku wolimba" uyu.
Kambuku wachiwiri ndi "lamulo la kukopa" m'dziko la ufa wosalala - kusonkhana. Tinthu tating'onoting'ono tikakhala tating'onoting'ono, malo enieni a pamwamba amakhala okulirapo, komanso mphamvu ya pamwamba imakhala yokwera; mwachibadwa zimakhala "zomangika pamodzi." Kusonkhana kumeneku kungakhale "kusonkhana kofewa" (kogwirizanitsidwa pamodzi ndi mphamvu zapakati pa mamolekyu, monga mphamvu za van der Waals, zomwe zimakhala zosavuta kugawa), kapena "kusonkhana kolimba" koopsa (komwe panthawi yophwanya kapena kusungunuka, pamwamba pa tinthu timasungunuka pang'ono kapena kuchita zinthu zinazake, kuzilumikiza pamodzi mwamphamvu). Tinthu tating'onoting'ono tikangopangidwa, timaoneka ngati "tinthu tating'onoting'ono tating'onoting'ono" m'zida zowunikira kukula kwa tinthu, zomwe zimasokeretsa kwambiri malingaliro anu; mu ntchito zothandiza, monga popukuta madzi, tinthu tating'onoting'ono timeneti ndi "zolakwa" zomwe zimakanda pamwamba pa workpiece. Kuthetsa kusonkhana ndi vuto lapadziko lonse lapansi. Kupatula kuwonjezera zowonjezera ndikuwongolera bwino njirayi pophwanya, njira yamphamvu kwambiri ndiyo kusintha pamwamba pa ufa, ndikuupatsa "chophimba" kuti uchepetse mphamvu ya pamwamba ndikuletsa kuti usafune "kulumikizana" nthawi zonse.
Ⅲ. Kambuku wachitatu ndi kusatsimikizika kwachilengedwe mu "kuyeza."
Kodi mumadziwa bwanji kuti kukula kwa tinthu tating'onoting'ono komwe mwalamulira ndi komwe mukuganiza? Maso athu ndi owunikira kukula kwa tinthu tating'onoting'ono, koma mfundo zosiyanasiyana zoyezera (kufalikira kwa laser, kusungunuka kwa madzi, kusanthula zithunzi), komanso njira zosiyanasiyana zofalitsira zitsanzo pansi pa mfundo yomweyi, zitha kupereka zotsatira zosiyana kwambiri. Izi ndi zoona makamaka pa ufa womwe wasonkhana kale; ngati kufalikira koyenera sikunachitike musanayambe kuyeza (monga kuwonjezera ma dispersants, chithandizo cha ultrasound), deta yomwe yapezeka sidzakhala yofanana ndi momwe zinthu zilili. Popanda muyeso wodalirika, kuwongolera kolondola kumangokhala nkhani yopanda pake.
Ngakhale kuti pali mavuto amenewa, makampaniwa nthawi zonse amafunafuna mayankho. Mwachitsanzo, kukonzedwa bwino ndi luntha la njira yonseyi ndi njira yaikulu. Kudzera mu zida zowunikira kukula kwa tinthu tating'onoting'ono pa intaneti, mayankho a deta nthawi yeniyeni komanso kusintha kwa magawo ophwanyika ndi magulu kumabweretsa njira yokhazikika. Kuphatikiza apo, ukadaulo wosintha pamwamba ukulandira chidwi chowonjezeka, osatinso "njira" pambuyo pake, koma wophatikizidwa mu njira yonse yokonzekera, kuletsa kusonkhana kuchokera ku gwero ndikukweza kufalikira kwa ufa ndikugwirizana kwake ndi dongosolo logwiritsira ntchito. III. Kuyitanidwa kwa Mapulogalamu: Kodi Kukula kwa Tinthu Kumakhala Bwanji "Mwala wa Wafilosofi"?
N’chifukwa chiyani timayesetsa kwambiri kuwongolera kukula kwa tinthu tating’onoting’ono? Kuyang’ana momwe tingagwiritsire ntchito zinthu zimenezi kumatithandiza kumvetsa bwino. Pankhani yopera ndi kupukuta molondola, monga kupukuta masikirini a safiro ndi ma wafer a silicon, kugawa kukula kwa tinthu tating’onoting’ono ta ufa wa silicon carbide wobiriwira ndi “njira yothandiza.” Zimafunika kugawa kwakukulu kwa tinthu tating’onoting’ono kopapatiza komanso kofanana, kopanda “tinthu tating’onoting’ono tochulukirapo” (komwe kumatchedwanso “tinthu tating’onoting’ono tomwe timaphwanyidwa” kapena “tinthu takupha”), apo ayi kukanda kamodzi kokha kozama kungawononge ntchito yonse yokwera mtengo. Nthawi yomweyo, ufawo suyenera kukhala ndi ma agglomerate olimba, apo ayi kupukuta bwino kudzakhala kochepa, ndipo mawonekedwe ake sadzakhala okhutiritsa. Pano, kuwongolera kukula kwa tinthu tating’onoting’ono kumasungidwa mosamala kwambiri pa nanoscale.
Mu zipangizo zamakono zotsutsa, monga mipando ya ceramic uvuni ndi zophimba za ng'anjo yotentha kwambiri, kuwongolera kukula kwa tinthu kumayang'ana kwambiri pa "kugawa kwa tinthu tating'onoting'ono." Tinthu tating'onoting'ono ndi tating'onoting'ono timasakanikirana mosiyanasiyana; tinthu tating'onoting'ono timapanga chimango, ndipo tinthu tating'onoting'ono timadzaza mipata. Izi zimathandiza kuti tinthu tating'onoting'ono tiwotchedwe kwambiri kutentha kwambiri, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti kutentha kukhale kolimba. Ngati kugawa kwa tinthu tating'onoting'ono sikuli koyenera, zinthuzo zidzakhala zoboola komanso zosalimba, kapena zofooka kwambiri komanso zosweka mosavuta. M'munda wa zoumba zapadera, monga zoumba zoteteza zipolopolo ndi mphete zotsekera zosatha, kukula kwa tinthu tating'onoting'ono ta ufa kumakhudza mwachindunji kapangidwe kake ndi magwiridwe antchito omaliza pambuyo pozimitsa. Ufa wabwino kwambiri ndi wofanana umakhala ndi ntchito yayikulu yozimitsa, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti zoumba zoumba zolemera kwambiri komanso zofewa kutentha kochepa, motero zimawonjezera mphamvu ndi kulimba kwawo. Pano, kukula kwa tinthu tating'onoting'ono ndiye chinsinsi cha "kulimbitsa" zinthu za ceramic.