M'zaka zaposachedwa, pamene makampani opanga zinthu zadothi akukula kuchoka pa mbale zachikhalidwe ndi zipangizo zomangira mpaka pa zinthu zadothi zomangira bwino komanso zinthu zadothi zogwira ntchito, kusankha ndi kukonza bwino zinthu zopangira ufa kwakhala kofunikira kwambiri pakukweza mafakitale. Monga chimodzi mwa zinthu zofunika kwambiri zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri mumakampani amakono opanga zinthu zadothi,ufa wa alumina (Al₂O₃) ikuyamba kupanga zinthu zadothi zamtengo wapatali zokhala ndi chiyero chapamwamba, kukula kwa tinthu tating'onoting'ono, komanso mawonekedwe okhazikika a gawo la kristalo, zomwe zimapereka chithandizo chofunikira cha mphamvu zotsutsana ndi makina, magetsi, ndi dzimbiri za zinthu zadothi.
Ⅰ. Makhalidwe ndi Kachitidwe ka Gulu la Ufa wa Alumina
Ufa wa alumina nthawi zambiri umagawidwa malinga ndi kuyera, mawonekedwe a kristalo (gawo la α kapena γ), kufalikira kwa tinthu tating'onoting'ono, sphericity, ndi mawonekedwe a sintering. Ufa wa alumina womwe umagwiritsidwa ntchito mu zoumba zadothi zachikhalidwe umayang'ana kwambiri kuyera kwachizolowezi ndi kukula kwa tinthu tating'onoting'ono, pomwe ufa womwe umagwiritsidwa ntchito mu zoumba zadothi ndi zoumba zadothi zamagetsi nthawi zambiri umakhala woyera kwambiri, wosalala kwambiri kapena wocheperako, ndipo nthawi zambiri umagwiritsa ntchito gawo la kristalo la α-alumina kuti utsimikizire kukhazikika kwa tinthu tadothi ndi mphamvu ya thupi la ceramic panthawi yozimitsa kutentha kwambiri.
Kugawa kukula kwa tinthu tating'onoting'ono kumaonedwa kuti ndi chimodzi mwa zinthu zofunika kwambiri zomwe zimawonetsa momwe ceramic imagwirira ntchito. Kukula kwa tinthu tating'onoting'ono kwambiri kumabweretsa kusakwanira kwa kachulukidwe ka ceramic, pomwe kukula kwa tinthu tating'onoting'ono kwambiri kungayambitse kukula kwa tirigu wosagwirizana kapena zolakwika m'mabowo panthawi yowuma. M'munda wa ceramics zamagetsi ndi kapangidwe kapamwambazoumbaumba, kuwongolera kukula kwa tinthu ta D50 ndi D90 mokhwima, komanso kugawa tinthu tating'onoting'ono, kwakhala njira yosapeŵeka pakukula kwa mafakitale.
Ⅱ. Ntchito Zowonjezera mu Zoumba za Kapangidwe
Ufa wa alumina ndi chinthu chokhwima kwambiri cha ceramic m'munda wa ceramics yomangidwa, chomwe chili ndi makhalidwe monga mphamvu yayikulu, kuuma kwambiri, kukana kukalamba, kukana dzimbiri, komanso kukana kutentha kwambiri. Ntchito zambiri zimaphatikizapo ma bearing, nozzles, guide rollers, ma mechanical seals, ma valve bodies, ma liners osakalamba, ndi zida zodulira. Chifukwa cha kufunikira kwakukulu kwa zinthu zosakalamba m'makampani opanga ndi zida, msika wa alumina structural ceramics ukukulirakulira, makamaka m'migodi yachitsulo, makampani opanga mankhwala a malasha, ndi makina olondola, komwe kusintha kwa zinthu kumachitika.zoumbaumba za aluminandi yofunika kwambiri.
Pakadali pano, kuyera kwambiri ndi kuchulukana ndi zizindikiro zazikulu za makampani. Pa kutentha kwambiri, kuyera kwa ufa kumakhala kwakukulu, kukula kwa tirigu wa kristalo kumakhala kofanana, komanso mphamvu ya chinthucho komanso kulimba kwa kusweka kwake kumakhala kwakukulu, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti nthawi yonse yogwiritsidwa ntchito isamawonongeke komanso kukhazikika. Pakadali pano, kugwiritsa ntchito ufa wozungulira wa alumina ndi ufa wa submicron m'munda wa zoumba zadothi kukuchulukirachulukira, chifukwa cha kuyenda kwawo bwino komanso kusinthasintha kwawo.
Ⅲ. Mtengo waukadaulo mu Zida Zamagetsi ndi Zamagetsi
Zipangizo zamagetsi zamagetsi ndi chimodzi mwa zinthu zomwe zili pansi pa nthaka zomwe zili ndi mphamvu zambiri zowonjezera ufa wa alumina. Zipangizo zamagetsi za alumina zili ndi mphamvu zabwino kwambiri zotetezera kutentha ndi dielectric, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti zikhale zoyenera kugwiritsa ntchito zinthu zosungiramo zinthu zozungulira, zoteteza kutentha kwambiri, zinthu zoteteza kutentha, komanso zinthu zoteteza kutentha. Kukula mwachangu kwa zamagetsi zamagetsi ndi kulumikizana kwamphamvu kwapangitsa kuti zinthu za ceramic substrate ziwonongeke komanso kutentha kwa magetsi kukhale kofunikira kwambiri. Zipangizo zamagetsi za alumina ceramic zoyera kwambiri zakhala zinthu zofunika kwambiri m'ma module amphamvu ndi m'ma semiconductor fields.
Pankhani ya zinthu zotenthetsera kutentha za LED, zinthu zotenthetsera zopangidwa ndi ufa wa alumina zimakhala ndi mphamvu yabwino yotenthetsera kutentha komanso mphamvu zamagetsi, zomwe zimathandiza kwambiri popanga ma LED amphamvu kwambiri. Chifukwa cha kupanga magalimoto atsopano amphamvu, ma charger piles, ndi zida zosungira mphamvu, kufunikira kwa zinthu zotenthetsera za ceramic pazida zamagetsi kwalowa munthawi yokulirakulira, zomwe zabweretsa mwayi wokhazikika komanso wautali pamsika wa ufa wa alumina.
Ⅳ. Ubwino Wachikhalidwe mu Zoumba Zosapanga Dziwe ndi Zopangira Madzi
Zipangizo zakale zosinthira mpweya zikadali malo ofunikira kwambiri ogwiritsira ntchito ufa wa alumina. Chifukwa cha kutentha kwake komanso kukana dzimbiri kwa mankhwala, ufa wa alumina ungagwiritsidwe ntchito popanga zipilala za uvuni zotentha kwambiri, zophikira, njerwa za nozzle, ndi zida zolumikizirana ndi zitsulo zosungunuka. Makampani otentha kwambiri monga zitsulo, zitsulo zopanda chitsulo, ndi opanga ma wafer ophatikizidwa ndi ma circuit akadali ogwiritsa ntchito kwambiri zinthu za alumina zosinthira mpweya.
Malo ena okhwima ndi zinthu zonyamulira zinthu monga zinthu zonyamulira zinthu monga uchi ndi zinthu zonyamulira zinthu monga alumina. Malo enieni a pamwamba ndi kapangidwe kake ka zinthu zoboola.ufa wa aluminaimapereka maziko abwino omatirira zinthu zogwira ntchito zoyambitsa magetsi, ndipo imagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri pochotsa utsi wa magalimoto, kuchotsa ma catalytic cracking mu fakitale yoyeretsera, komanso makina oyeretsera madzi m'chilengedwe.
Ⅴ. Kukweza Njira Zogwirira Ntchito ndi Njira Zaukadaulo Wamafakitale
Ndi kukwezedwa kwaukadaulo kwa makampani opanga zinthu zadothi, opanga ufa wa alumina akusintha kuchoka pa njira zachikhalidwe zopangira mankhwala mpaka kuumitsa kwa ma spray, kukanikiza kwa isostatic, kutentha kwa plasma spheroidization, ndi ukadaulo wosintha pamwamba. Kumbali imodzi, kukula kwa tinthu tating'onoting'ono komanso ufa woyera kwambiri kumathandizira kuti ufa ugwirizane ndi zomangira ndi makina osungunula, zomwe zimathandiza kuwongolera rheological kwa zinthu zadothi ndi kupanga jakisoni. Ndikofunikira kudziwa kuti m'zaka zaposachedwa, kufunikira kwa makina opangira zinthu zadothi kwawonjezeka nthawi imodzi. Kupita patsogolo kwa kulondola kwa kukonza pamwamba pa dothi kwapangitsa kuti pakhale mawonekedwe abwino kwambiri a tinthu tadothi, ndipo ufa wa alumina wozungulira walowa m'magawo a kupukuta kwa optical ndi kupanga ma wafer, zomwe zabweretsa phindu latsopano kwa makampani opanga ufa.
Ⅵ. Zochitika Zamakampani: Kukweza Zinthu Zachilengedwe Kumayendetsa Kusintha kwa Maonekedwe a Msika
Chifukwa cha zinthu zomwe zikuchitika pa “zopepuka, zogwira ntchito bwino, komanso zamagetsi,” zinthu zoumba zadothi zogwira ntchito bwino zikupeza malo apamwamba kwambiri. Mapulani aukadaulo amakampani opanga magalimoto, zamankhwala, mphamvu, ndi ma semiconductor ndi omwe amatsimikizira momwe ufa wa alumina udzagwiritsidwire ntchito mtsogolo.
Zochitika zamakono zamakampani zikuwonetsa makhalidwe atatu akuluakulu:
① Zipangizo zotentha kwambiri komanso makampani atsopano opanga mphamvu zikuwonjezera kufunikira kwa zoumba zoteteza kutentha komanso zoteteza kutentha;
② Zipangizo zamagetsi zadothi zikuchulukirachulukira ndipo zikuwonjezera kufunikira kwa ufa woyeretsedwa kwambiri;
③ Kukonza kukula kwa tinthu tating'onoting'ono, kuyeretsa bwino, komanso kukhazikika kwa gawo la kristalo zikukhala maziko a mpikisano wa ufa.
Padziko lonse lapansimakampani a ceramicPakadali pano unyolo uli m'malo opikisana kwambiri. Makampani opanga ufa wapamwamba ali ndi mwayi waukadaulo m'magawo a zamagetsi ndi semiconductor, pomwe ufa wapakatikati umayang'anabe kwambiri zinthu zadothi ndi zinthu zosasunthika. Chifukwa cha kufunikira kwa zinthu zomwe zikubwera, msika wa ufa wapakati mpaka wapamwamba ukuyembekezeka kupitiriza kukula.
Ⅶ. Mapeto
Kayendedwe ka makampani opanga zinthu zoumba m'mafakitale kakusintha kuchoka pa kufunikira kwachikhalidwe kupita ku kupanga zinthu zapamwamba. Ndi kukula kosalekeza kwa ukadaulo wazinthu, njira zokonzekera, ndi zochitika zogwiritsira ntchito, ufa wa alumina udzakhala ndi gawo lofunika kwambiri m'makampani opanga zinthu zoumba m'tsogolo. Kaya ndi zinthu zoumba m'mafakitale, zinthu zoumba m'mafakitale zamagetsi, zinthu zoumba m'mafakitale owongolera kutentha, kapena zinthu zoumba m'mafakitale oyambitsa, zinthu zoumba m'mafakitale a alumina zikukhala mphamvu yofunika kwambiri pakukweza unyolo wonse wa makampani opanga zinthu zoumba m'mafakitale.