Kugwiritsa ntchito α-alumina mu zinthu zatsopanozoumbaumba za alumina
Ngakhale pali mitundu yambiri ya zipangizo zatsopano za ceramic, zitha kugawidwa m'magulu atatu malinga ndi ntchito ndi kagwiritsidwe ntchito kake: ceramics yogwira ntchito (yomwe imadziwikanso kuti electronic ceramics), structural ceramics (yomwe imadziwikanso kuti engineering ceramics) ndi bioceramics. Malinga ndi zigawo zosiyanasiyana za zopangira zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito, zitha kugawidwa m'ma oxide ceramics, nitride ceramics, boride ceramics, carbide ceramics ndi metal ceramics. Pakati pawo, alumina ceramics ndi ofunikira kwambiri, ndipo zopangira zake ndi α-alumina powder yamitundu yosiyanasiyana.
α-alumina imagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri popanga zinthu zatsopano zosiyanasiyana za ceramic chifukwa cha mphamvu zake zapamwamba, kuuma kwake, kukana kutentha kwambiri, kukana kuvala ndi zina zabwino kwambiri. Sikuti ndi ufa wokha wa zinthu zopangira ceramic zapamwamba za alumina monga zinthu zozungulira zophatikizika, miyala yamtengo wapatali yopangira, zida zodulira, mafupa opangira, ndi zina zotero, komanso ingagwiritsidwe ntchito ngati chonyamulira phosphor, zipangizo zapamwamba zotsutsa, zipangizo zapadera zopera, ndi zina zotero. Ndi chitukuko cha sayansi ndi ukadaulo wamakono, gawo logwiritsira ntchito α-alumina likukula mofulumira, ndipo kufunikira kwa msika kukuwonjezekanso, ndipo mwayi wake ndi waukulu kwambiri.
Kugwiritsa ntchito α-alumina mu zoumba zogwira ntchito
Zoumbaumba zogwira ntchitotchulani za zoumba zapamwamba zomwe zimagwiritsa ntchito mphamvu zawo zamagetsi, maginito, ma acoustic, kuwala, kutentha ndi zina kapena mphamvu zawo zolumikizirana kuti zikwaniritse ntchito inayake. Zili ndi mphamvu zamagetsi zosiyanasiyana monga kutchinjiriza, dielectric, piezoelectric, thermoelectric, semiconductor, ion conductivity ndi superconductivity, kotero zili ndi ntchito zambiri komanso ntchito zambiri. Pakadali pano, zazikulu zomwe zagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri ndi zoumba zachitsulo zotetezera kutentha za substrates zozungulira ndi ma phukusi, zoumba zachitsulo zoteteza kutentha zamagalimoto, zoumba zachitsulo zoteteza kutentha zama capacitor zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri m'ma TV ndi makanema ojambula, zoumba zachitsulo zoteteza kutentha zama piezoelectric zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito zosiyanasiyana komanso zoumba zachitsulo zomvera kutentha zama sensor osiyanasiyana. Kuphatikiza apo, zimagwiritsidwanso ntchito pamachubu otulutsa kuwala kwa sodium.
1. Zipangizo zoteteza kutentha za pulasitiki
Zipangizo zoteteza kutentha za pulasitiki (spark plug) ndizo zokha zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri mu injini. Popeza alumina ili ndi mphamvu yabwino kwambiri yoteteza kutentha, mphamvu yamakina, mphamvu ya kuthamanga kwa mpweya komanso kukana kutentha, ma plug oteteza kutentha a alumina amagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri padziko lonse lapansi. Zofunikira za α-alumina pazipangizo zoteteza kutentha ndi ufa wamba wa α-alumina wochepa, momwe kuchuluka kwa sodium oxide kuli ≤0.05% ndipo kukula kwa tinthu tating'onoting'ono ndi 325 mesh.
2. Ma substrates ophatikizidwa a dera ndi zipangizo zomangira
Zida zadothi zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati zinthu zomangira ndi zinthu zomangira ndi zabwino kuposa pulasitiki m'mbali izi: kukana kutentha kwambiri, kukana dzimbiri kwa mankhwala, kutseka kwambiri, kupewa kulowa kwa chinyezi, kusachitapo kanthu, komanso kuipitsidwa kwa silicon ya semiconductor yoyera kwambiri. Makhalidwe a α-alumina ofunikira pa zinthu zomangira zomangira zomangira ndi zinthu zomangira ndi awa: coefficient yakukula kwa kutentha 7.0×10-6/℃, kutentha kwa kutentha 20-30W/K·m (kutentha kwa chipinda), dielectric constant 9-12 (IMHz), kutayika kwa dielectric 3~10-4 (IMHz), kukana kwa voliyumu>1012-1014Ω·cm (kutentha kwa chipinda).
Ndi magwiridwe antchito apamwamba komanso kuphatikiza kwakukulu kwa ma circuits ophatikizika, zofunikira zokhwima kwambiri zimaperekedwa pa substrates ndi zida zopakira:
Pamene kutentha kwa chip kukuchulukirachulukira, kutentha kwambiri kumafunika.
Ndi liwiro lalikulu la chinthu chowerengera, chokhazikika cha dielectric chochepa chikufunika.
Kuchuluka kwa kutentha komwe kumafunikira kuti kukhale pafupi ndi silicon. Izi zimapangitsa kuti α-alumina ikhale yofunikira kwambiri, ndiko kuti, imapanga kuyera kwambiri komanso kusalala.
3. Nyali yotulutsa kuwala kwa sodium yothamanga kwambiri
Zoumbaumba zabwinoZopangidwa ndi alumina woyeretsedwa kwambiri chifukwa zinthu zopangira zimakhala ndi mawonekedwe oletsa kutentha kwambiri, kukana dzimbiri, kutchinjiriza bwino, mphamvu zambiri, ndi zina zotero, ndipo ndi zinthu zabwino kwambiri za ceramic. Polycrystalline yowonekera bwino yopangidwa ndi alumina woyeretsedwa kwambiri yokhala ndi magnesium oxide yochepa, iridium oxide kapena iridium oxide zowonjezera, ndipo zimapangidwa ndi mpweya wotentha komanso kutentha kwambiri, zimatha kupirira dzimbiri la nthunzi ya sodium yotentha kwambiri ndipo zingagwiritsidwe ntchito ngati nyali zotulutsa kuwala kwa sodium zomwe zimakhala ndi mphamvu zambiri zowunikira.
Kugwiritsa ntchito α-alumina mu zoumba zadothi
Monga zinthu zopangidwa ndi biomedical, zinthu zopangidwa ndi bioceramic zilibe zotsatirapo zoyipa poyerekeza ndi zinthu zopangidwa ndi chitsulo ndi zinthu zopangidwa ndi polima, ndipo zimakhala ndi mgwirizano wabwino wa bioceramic komanso kukana dzimbiri ndi minofu ya zamoyo. Anthu akuwayamikira kwambiri. Kafukufuku ndi kugwiritsa ntchito zinthu zopangidwa ndi bioceramic kuchipatala kwakula kuyambira pakusinthidwa kwakanthawi kochepa mpaka pakukhazikika komanso kolimba, komanso kuyambira pazinthu zopangidwa ndi bioceramic mpaka zinthu zogwira ntchito mwachilengedwe komanso zinthu zopangidwa ndi zinthu zambiri.
M'zaka zaposachedwapa, pali ma porezoumbaumba za aluminaZagwiritsidwa ntchito popanga mafupa olumikizirana, mawondo olumikizirana, mitu ya femoral yopangira, mafupa ena opangidwa, mizu ya mano opangidwa, zomangira zomangira mafupa, ndi kukonzanso kwa cornea chifukwa cha kukana dzimbiri kwa mankhwala, kukana kukalamba, kukhazikika bwino kutentha, komanso mphamvu zamagetsi. Njira yowongolera kukula kwa ma pore pokonzekera ma ceramics a alumina okhala ndi ma pore ndikusakaniza tinthu ta alumina ta kukula kosiyanasiyana, kuyika thovu, ndikupopera tinthu touma. Ma plate a aluminiyamu amathanso kusinthidwa kuti apange ma pores amtundu wa nano-scale microporous channel.