Ufa wa Alumina: ufa wamatsenga wowonjezera magwiridwe antchito a mankhwala
Mu fakitale yogulitsira zinthu, Lao Li anali ndi nkhawa ndi gulu la zinthu zomwe zinali patsogolo pake: atachotsa gulu ili lazinthu zomangira zadothi, nthawi zonse pankakhala ming'alu yaying'ono pamwamba, ndipo ngakhale kutentha kwa uvuni kusinthidwe bwanji, sikunali ndi zotsatirapo zambiri. Lao Wang anabwera, anayang'ana kwa kanthawi, ndipo anatenga thumba la ufa woyera pafupi: “Yesani kuwonjezera zina mwa izi, Lao Li, mwina zigwira ntchito.” Lao Wang ndi katswiri waukadaulo mufakitale. Salankhula kwambiri, koma nthawi zonse amakonda kuganizira za zipangizo zatsopano zosiyanasiyana. Lao Li anatenga thumbalo mopanda chidwi, ndipo anaona kuti chizindikirocho chinali ndi mawu akuti “ufa wa alumina”.
Ufa wa aluminaDzinali likumveka ngati lachilendo, ngati ufa wamba woyera mu labotale. Kodi lingakhale bwanji "ufa wamatsenga" womwe ungathetse mavuto ovuta? Koma Lao Wang analoza pa dzinalo molimba mtima nati: "Musalipeputse. Ndi luso lake, lingathe kuthetsa mavuto ambiri omwe mumakhala nawo."
N’chifukwa chiyani Lao Wang amasilira ufa woyera wosaoneka bwino chonchi? Chifukwa chake n’chosavuta—ngati sitingathe kusintha zinthu zonse mosavuta, tingayesere kuwonjezera “ufa wamatsenga” kuti tisinthe magwiridwe antchito a makiyi. Mwachitsanzo, pamene zinthu zadothi zakale sizili zolimba mokwanira ndipo zimasweka mosavuta; zitsulo sizimalimbana ndi kutentha kwambiri; ndipo mapulasitiki ali ndi kutentha kochepa, ufa wa alumina umawonekera mwakachetechete ndipo umakhala “mwala woyesera” wothetsera mavuto ofunikirawa.
Lao Wang anakumana ndi mavuto ofanana. Chaka chimenecho, anali ndi udindo wopanga chinthu chapadera cha ceramic chomwe chinkafuna kuti chikhale cholimba, cholimba, komanso cholimba ku kutentha kwambiri.Zipangizo zadothi wambaZimayatsidwa, ndipo mphamvu zake ndi zokwanira, koma zimasweka mopepuka akakhudza, ngati galasi losalimba. Anatsogolera gulu lake kuti lipirire masiku ndi usiku osawerengeka mu labotale, kusintha mobwerezabwereza njira yopangira ndi kuyatsa uvuni pambuyo pa uvuni, koma zotsatira zake zinali kuti mphamvu zake sizinali zoyenera kapena kufooka kwake kunali kwakukulu kwambiri, nthawi zonse akuvutika ndi kufooka.
“Masiku amenewo anali owopsa kwambiri, ndipo ndinataya tsitsi langa kwambiri,” anakumbukira Lao Wang pambuyo pake. Pamapeto pake, anayesa kuwonjezera gawo linalake la ufa wa alumina woyera kwambiri womwe unakonzedwa bwino mu zipangizo zopangira ceramic. Uvuniwo utatsegulidwanso, chozizwitsa chinachitika: ziwalo zatsopano za ceramic zomwe zinawotchedwa zinapanga phokoso lakuya komanso losangalatsa zikagogoda. Poyesa kuswa ndi mphamvu, zinapirira mphamvuyo mwamphamvu ndipo sizinaswekenso mosavuta - tinthu ta alumina tinafalikira mofanana mu matrix, ngati kuti netiweki yolimba yosaoneka inali yolukidwa mkati, yomwe sinangowonjezera kuuma kwake, komanso inatenga mphamvu ya impact pang'onopang'ono, zomwe zinapangitsa kuti kuuma kwake kukhale kolimba kwambiri.
Chifukwa chiyaniufa wa aluminaali ndi "matsenga" otere? Lao Wang anajambula pang'ono papepala mosasamala kuti: "Taonani, tinthu tating'onoting'ono ta aluminati tili ndi kuuma kwakukulu, kofanana ndi safiro wachilengedwe, komanso kukana kuvala bwino kwambiri." Anayima kaye, "Chofunika kwambiri n'chakuti, sitingathe kutentha kwambiri, ndipo mankhwala ake ndi okhazikika ngati Mount Tai. Sisintha mtundu wake pamoto wotentha kwambiri, ndipo sichimaweramitsa mutu wake mosavuta mu ma acid amphamvu ndi ma alkali. Kuphatikiza apo, ndi chowongolera kutentha chabwino, ndipo kutentha kumathamanga mwachangu kwambiri mkati mwake."
Zinthu zimenezi zikangodziyimira pawokha zikagwiritsidwa ntchito molondola m'zinthu zina, zimakhala ngati kusintha miyala kukhala golide. Mwachitsanzo, kuiwonjezera pa zinthu zadothi kungathandize kulimbitsa mphamvu ndi kulimba kwa zinthu zadothi; kuiyika pa zinthu zopangidwa ndi zitsulo kungathandize kwambiri kukana kuwonongeka ndi kupirira kutentha kwambiri; ngakhale kuiyika pa dziko la pulasitiki kungathandize kuti mapulasitiki azichotsa kutentha mwachangu.
Mu makampani a zamagetsi,ufa wa aluminaimachitanso "zamatsenga". Masiku ano, ndi foni iti yam'manja kapena laputopu yapamwamba yomwe siikuda nkhawa ndi kutentha kwamkati panthawi yogwira ntchito? Ngati kutentha komwe kumapangidwa ndi zida zamagetsi zolondola sikungathe kusungunuka mwachangu, ntchitoyo idzakhala yocheperako, ndipo chip idzawonongeka kwambiri. Mainjiniya amadzaza mwanzeru ufa wa alumina wotentha kwambiri kukhala silicone yapadera yotenthetsera kutentha kapena mapulasitiki auinjiniya. Zipangizozi zokhala ndi ufa wa alumina zimamangiriridwa mosamala ku zigawo zapakati pakupanga kutentha, monga "msewu wodalirika wotenthetsera kutentha", womwe umatsogolera mwachangu komanso moyenera kutentha kwakukulu pa chip kupita ku chipolopolo chotenthetsera kutentha. Deta yoyesera ikuwonetsa kuti pansi pa mikhalidwe yomweyi, kutentha kwapakati kwa zinthu zomwe zimagwiritsa ntchito zida zotenthetsera kutentha zomwe zili ndi ufa wa alumina kumatha kuchepetsedwa kwambiri ndi madigiri opitilira khumi kapena makumi angapo poyerekeza ndi zida wamba, kuonetsetsa kuti zidazo zimatha kugwirabe ntchito mofatsa komanso mokhazikika pansi pa mphamvu yamphamvu yogwira ntchito.
Lao Wang nthawi zambiri ankati: “'Masala' enieni sali mu ufa wokha, koma momwe timamvetsetsera vutoli ndikupeza mfundo yofunika kwambiri yomwe ingathandize magwiridwe antchito.” Mphamvu ya ufa wa alumina siinapangidwe kuchokera pachabe, koma imachokera ku makhalidwe ake apadera, ndipo imaphatikizidwa moyenera ndi zinthu zina, kuti igwiritse ntchito mphamvu zake mwakachetechete panthawi yofunika kwambiri ndikusandutsa kuwonongeka kukhala matsenga.
Usiku kwambiri, Lao Wang anali akuphunzirabe njira zatsopano zophunzirira muofesi, ndipo kuwalako kunawonetsa mawonekedwe ake olunjika. Kunali chete kunja kwa zenera, komaufa wa alumina M'dzanja lake munali kuwala koyera pang'ono pansi pa kuwala, ngati nyenyezi zazing'ono zosawerengeka. Ufa wooneka ngati wambawu wapatsidwa ntchito zosiyanasiyana m'mausiku ambiri ofanana, womwe umaphatikizidwa mwakachetechete mu zipangizo zosiyanasiyana, umathandizira pansi zolimba komanso zosawonongeka, kuonetsetsa kuti zida zamagetsi zolondola zikugwira ntchito kwa nthawi yayitali komanso bata, komanso kuteteza kudalirika kwa zida zapadera m'malo ovuta kwambiri. Kufunika kwa sayansi ya zinthu kuli m'momwe mungagwiritsire ntchito mphamvu za zinthu wamba ndikupanga kuti zikhale chinsinsi chachikulu chodutsa m'mipata ndikuwonjezera magwiridwe antchito.
Nthawi ina mukakumana ndi vuto la magwiridwe antchito a zinthu, dzifunseni kuti: Kodi muli ndi chidutswa cha "ufa wa alumina" chomwe chikuyembekezera kudzutsidwa mwakachetechete kuti chipange mphindi yofunika kwambiri yamatsenga? Taganizirani izi, kodi izi ndi zoona?