Kupambana kwa ufa wa alumini mu zida zosindikizira za 3D
Kuyenda mu labotale ya Northwestern Polytechnical University, kuchiritsa kuwala3D printer ikung'ung'uza pang'ono, ndipo mtengo wa laser ukuyenda ndendende mu ceramic slurry. Maola ochepa okha pambuyo pake, pachimake cha ceramic chokhala ndi mawonekedwe ovuta kwambiri ngati maze chimawonetsedwa kwathunthu - chidzagwiritsidwa ntchito poponya masamba a injini zandege. Pulofesa Su Haijun, yemwe ndi woyang’anira ntchitoyo, analoza ku mbali yosalimbayo n’kunena kuti: “Zaka zitatu zapitazo, sitinayerekeze n’komwe kuganiza za kulondola koteroko.
Kalekale, zoumba za alumina zinali ngati "wophunzira wavuto" m'munda wa3D kusindikiza- mphamvu yapamwamba, kukana kutentha kwapamwamba, kutsekemera kwabwino, koma pamene idasindikizidwa, inali ndi mavuto ambiri. Pansi pa miyambo yachikhalidwe, ufa wa alumina umakhala ndi madzi ochepa ndipo nthawi zambiri umatchinga mutu wosindikiza; kuchuluka kwa shrinkage panthawi ya sintering kumatha kufika 15% -20%, ndipo magawo omwe adasindikizidwa ndi khama lalikulu adzapunduka ndikusweka atangowotchedwa; nyumba zovuta? Ndizowonjezereka kwambiri. Mainjiniya akuvutika maganizo: “Chinthu ichi chili ngati wojambula wouma khosi, wamalingaliro opotoka koma wopanda manja okwanira.”
1. Chikhalidwe cha ku Russia: Kuyika "zida za ceramic" paaluminiyamumatrix
Kusintha koyamba kwa zinthu kunabwera chifukwa cha kusintha kwa kamangidwe ka zinthu. Mu 2020, asayansi akuthupi ochokera ku National University of Science and Technology (NUST MISIS) ya Russia adalengeza ukadaulo wosokoneza. M'malo mongosakaniza ufa wa aluminium oxide, amayika ufa wa aluminiyamu woyeretsedwa kwambiri mu autoclave ndikugwiritsa ntchito okosijeni wa hydrothermal kuti "akule" filimu ya aluminium oxide yokhala ndi makulidwe owoneka bwino pamwamba pa aluminiyumu iliyonse, monga kuyika zida za nano-level pa mpira wa aluminiyamu. Ufa wa "core-shell" uwu umasonyeza ntchito yodabwitsa pa makina osindikizira a laser 3D (SLM technology): kuuma ndi 40% kuposa zipangizo zoyera za aluminiyamu, ndipo kukhazikika kwa kutentha kwapamwamba kumakhala bwino kwambiri, kumakwaniritsa mwachindunji zofunikira za kalasi ya ndege.
Pulofesa Alexander Gromov, yemwe anali mtsogoleri wa polojekitiyi, ananena momveka bwino kuti: "M'mbuyomu, zida zophatikizika zinali ngati saladi - chilichonse chimayang'anira bizinesi yake; ufa wathu uli ngati masangweji - aluminiyamu ndi aluminiyamu zimalumana wosanjikiza, ndipo palibe chomwe chingachite popanda china. Kulumikizana kolimba kumeneku kumapangitsa kuti zinthuzo ziwonetse mphamvu zake m'zigawo za injini za ndege ndi mafelemu owonjezera a thupi, ndipo zimayambanso kutsutsa gawo la titaniyamu.
2. Nzeru zaku China: matsenga a "kuyika" zoumba
Chowawa chachikulu chosindikizira cha alumina ceramic ndi shrinkage ya sintering - taganizirani kuti munakanda mosamala chifaniziro cha dongo, ndipo chinacheperachepera kukula kwa mbatata itangolowa mu uvuni. Kodi chingagwe bwanji? Kumayambiriro kwa chaka cha 2024, zotsatira zofalitsidwa ndi gulu la Pulofesa Su Haijun ku Northwestern Polytechnical University mu Journal of Materials Science & Technology zinayambitsa bizinesi: adapeza pafupifupi zero-shrinkage alumina ceramic core ndi shrinkage ya 0.3% yokha.
Chinsinsi ndicho kuwonjezeraaluminiyamu ufaku alumina ndikusewera "matsenga am'mlengalenga".
Onjezani ufa wa aluminiyamu: Sakanizani 15% ya ufa wabwino wa aluminiyamu mu slurry ya ceramic
Yang'anirani mlengalenga: Gwiritsani ntchito chitetezo cha gasi wa argon kumayambiriro kwa sintering kuti muteteze ufa wa aluminiyumu kuchokera ku oxidizing
Kusintha kwanzeru: Kutentha kukakwera kufika pa 1400 ° C, mwadzidzidzi sinthani mlengalenga kukhala mpweya
In-situ oxidation: Aluminiyamu ufa amasungunuka nthawi yomweyo kukhala madontho ndi okosijeni kukhala aluminium oxide, ndipo kukulitsa kwa voliyumu kumachepetsa kutsika.
3. Binder Revolution: ufa wa aluminiyamu umasanduka "guluu wosaoneka"
Pamene magulu aku Russia ndi aku China akugwira ntchito molimbika pakusintha ufa, njira ina yaukadaulo yakula mwakachetechete - pogwiritsa ntchito ufa wa aluminiyamu ngati chomangira. Traditional ceramic3D kusindikizazomangira nthawi zambiri utomoni wa organic, womwe umasiya mabowo ukawotchedwa pakuwotcha. Patent ya gulu lapakhomo la 2023 imatenga njira ina: kupanga aluminiyamu ufa kukhala binder47 yamadzi.
Pakusindikiza, mphunoyo imapopera molondola "glue" wokhala ndi 50-70% ufa wa aluminiyamu pazitsulo za aluminiyumu oxide ufa. Zikafika pa siteji yotsitsa, vacuum imakokedwa ndipo mpweya umadutsa, ndipo ufa wa aluminiyumu umapangidwa ndi okosijeni wa aluminium oxide pa 200-800 ° C. Maonekedwe a kukula kwa voliyumu yopitilira 20% amalola kuti azitha kudzaza pores mwachangu ndikuchepetsa kuchepa kwa shrinkage mpaka 5%. "Zimafanana ndi kugwetsa njanji ndi kumanga mpanda watsopano nthawi imodzi, ndikudzaza mabowo ako!" injiniya wina anafotokoza motere.
4. Luso la particles: kupambana kwa ufa wozungulira
"Maonekedwe" a ufa wa alumina mosayembekezereka wakhala chinsinsi cha zopambana - maonekedwewa amatanthauza mawonekedwe a tinthu. Kafukufuku mu nyuzipepala ya "Open Ceramics" mu 2024 anayerekeza magwiridwe antchito ozungulira komanso osakhazikika a alumina ufa posindikiza (CF³)5:
Ufa wozungulira: umayenda ngati mchenga wabwino, kudzaza kumaposa 60%, ndipo kusindikiza kwake ndi kosalala komanso kosalala.
Ufa wosakhazikika: wokhazikika ngati shuga wowoneka bwino, kukhuthala kwake ndikokwera nthawi 40, ndipo mphuno yatsekedwa kukayikira moyo.
Ngakhalenso bwino, kachulukidwe ka magawo osindikizidwa ndi ufa wozungulira umaposa 89% mutatha sintering, ndipo mapeto ake amakumana mwachindunji. "Ndani akugwiritsabe ntchito ufa "wonyansa" tsopano? Fluidity ndi kupambana! Katswiri wina adamwetulira ndikumaliza5.
Tsogolo: Nyenyezi ndi nyanja zimakhala pamodzi ndi zazing'ono komanso zokongola
Kusintha kwa 3D kusindikiza kwa alumina ufa sikunathe. Makampani a zankhondo atsogola pakugwiritsa ntchito zida zofota pafupi ndi ziro kuti apange masamba a turbofan; gawo lazachilengedwe latenga chidwi kwambiri ndi biocompatibility yake ndikuyamba kusindikiza ma implants makonda; makampani opanga zamagetsi amayang'ana magawo otaya kutentha - pambuyo pake, matenthedwe amafuta ndi ma conductivity opanda magetsi a alumina sangalowe m'malo.